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-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued as a Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS), invites applications proposing clinical and translational research in multiple sclerosis (MS) that target the neurodegenerative aspect of this disease. Applicants are expected to propose activities that are directly focused on the development of neuroprotective and regenerative therapies for MS. Applications in basic neuroscience or glial biology are not covered under this PAS. Applications for clinical trials and interventional studies are directed to use the funding mechanisms and opportunities listed at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/areas/clinical_trials/index.htm. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-266) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental (R21) grant award mechanism.. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The total amount to be awarded is up to $1,500,000 for the duration of this solicitation, in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this FOA and a parallel FOA that uses the R21 mechanism (see above), that score within the NINDS payline. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each R01 project is limited to a duration of five years.

Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Aging (NIA), and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) invite research grant applications aimed at understanding the genetics and pathobiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) will use the NIH traditional Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-265) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental grant (R21) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of approximately $2,250,000 to this FOA with set-aside funds (PAS), and a parallel FOA that uses the R21 mechanism (see above), in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this initiative that score within the paylines of the participating NIH Institutes. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each R01 project is limited to a duration of five years. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

Purpose. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit applications on lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) focused on improving CNS treatment outcomes, enhancing the effectiveness of delivery and targeting of cells, enzymes, drugs and genes into the brain, and developing novel therapeutic modalities, such as implantable biocapsules and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based devices. Lysosomal storage disorders constitute a group of recessive genetic diseases resulting from cellular enzymatic deficiencies of acid hydrolases that normally catalyze the metabolism of glycoproteins, glycolipids and other macromolecules, or from defects in transporter proteins leading to pathogenic accumulation of these substances in lysosomes. Treatment modalities for LSDs are currently limited to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). These approaches while providing significant promise for treatment of the visceral manifestations of LSDs, do little to address CNS pathologies for this group of disorders. Thus this announcement specifically encourages the transition from basic studies in LSDs to translational research for improved delivery of therapeutic cells, proteins, genes, and small molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-202) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental grant award (R21) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The NINDS and ORD intend to commit a total of approximately $1,050,000 (total costs), in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this FOA and a parallel R21 FOA (see above) that score within the NINDS payline (see NINDS Funding Strategy http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/ninds_funding_strategy.htm), depending on the overall scientific merit of the applications and the availability of funds throughout the duration of this solicitation. Additional funds may also be available through the Lysosomal Storage Disease Research Consortium (http://www.LSDresearch.org) for applications received and reviewed under this FOA. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each R01 project is limited to a duration of five years. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

Purpose. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote studies that 1) identify the properties of brain tumor cells that cause them to migrate; 2) determine how interaction of tumor cells with normal brain elements affects migration; and 3) translate understanding of these parameters into interventions that target invading tumor cells. Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-201) that utilizes the exploratory/developmental (R21) grant award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS has set aside $1,000,000 in total costs per year for this FOA and a parallel FOA that utilizes the R21 mechanism (see above). These funds are in addition to funds available for applications that score within the NINDS payline and depend on the overall scientific merit of the application and availability of funds throughout the duration of the announcement. NCI will consider programmatic priority and scientific merit in making funding decisions. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each R01 project is limited to a duration of five years. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites applications for studying the integration of neurobiological and cerebrovascular mechanisms in the adult, aged and pediatric brain in health and disease. Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) with set-aside funds (PAS) will utilize the Research Project (R01) grant award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-200) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental (R21) grant award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS and NIA have set aside $1,100,000 in total costs per year. NINDS will use set-aside funds for applications sent in response to this FOA and a parallel FOA that uses the R21 mechanism (see above), that score outside the NINDS payline (see NINDS Funding Strategy http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/ninds_funding_strategy.htm), depending on the overall scientific merit of the applications and the availability of funds throughout the duration of this solicitation. NIA will consider programmatic priority, as reflected in this FOA and the parallel FOA, and scientific merit in using set-aside funds for applications assigned to it in response to this FOA. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each project is limited to a duration of five years. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

-The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards individual senior level research training fellowships to experienced scientists who wish to make major changes in the direction of their research careers or who wish to broaden their scientific background by acquiring new research capabilities as independent investigators in research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. -The primary objective of this funding opportunity is to help ensure that diverse pools of highly trained scientists will be available in adequate numbers and in appropriate research areas to carry out the Nations biomedical, behavioral and clinical research agendas. -The number of awards and the total amount of funding that the participating NIH Institutes and Centers expect to award through this announcement will depend on the scientific merit of applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers, and the availability of funds.

-Purpose. This encourages investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for biomedical and behavior research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the zebrafish community that will advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development and aging, organ formation, behavior, sensory processing, physiological processes, and disease processes. This effort stems from an NIH initiative developed by the Institutes and Centers of the Trans-NIH Zebrafish Coordinating Committee (TZCC) under the co-chairmanship of NICHD and NIDDK. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research on discovering etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying a set of chronic, comorbid conditions associated with temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders (TMJMDs). TMJMDs are a complex collection of diseases involving one or more tissues of the TMJ and facial musculature. Primary symptoms include chronic pain in facial muscles and limited and painful movement of the jaw. In addition, these and other symptoms of TMJMD can occur together with other chronic illnesses such as fibromyalgia, atypical face pain, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, migraine headache, speech hearing, swallowing, balance, smell, and taste disorders, and certain cardiovascular diseases. This program announcement seeks research applications that use state-of-the-art, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to discover molecular, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms responsible for the overlapping symptoms manifested in the set of disorders that may co-exist with TMJMD. These applications may have as their research focus the chronic, comorbid conditions themselves or TMJMDs, provided that the aims and goals of the project are to discover biological mechanisms linking the comorbidities. While the overarching goal of this announcement is to arrive at a better understanding of potential mechanisms underlying TMJMDs as related to the variety of comorbidities associated with them, it is expected that no single research project will be able to accomplish this. Applicants are, therefore, encouraged to focus their attention on a particular pathway and a specific disease that is comorbid with TMJMD. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-06-267 and PA-06-268, that solicit applications under the Small Research (R03) and the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of Xenopus as a vertebrate model for biomedical research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the Xenopus community that will advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development, organogenesis, and in cell biological processes, such as cell division, signaling and migration. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose innovative research in biomedical computational science and technology to promote the progress of biomedical research. There exists an expanding need to speed the progress of biomedical research through the power of computing to manage and analyze data and to model biological processes.The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in biomedical computational science and technology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research.As defined here biomedical computing or biomedical information science and technology includes database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical models and simulations. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-161, that solicits applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. Other parallel FOAs of identical scientific scope (PAR-06-410) and (PAR-06-411) use the traditional research project grant (R01) and exploratory innovation grant (R21) respectively. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Eligible Organizations: Only United States SBCs are eligible to submit SBIR applications. A SBC is one that, on the date of award for both Phase I and Phase II funding agreements, meets ALL of the criteria as described in Section III. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators: Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. On an SBIR application, the PD/PI must have his/her primary employment (more than 50%) with the SBC at the time of award and for the duration of the project. Applicant SBCs may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.