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Purpose. This announcement solicits applications for research project grants that will leverage and complement the ongoing technology development being pursued in the National Technology Centers for Networks and Pathways (TCNPs), a program of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. These collaborative projects should focus either on addressing a challenging biological problem using the technology developed in one or more of the TCNPs, or on the development of technology that will complement that which is being developed in the centers. Applicants may request support for their own work as well as supplemental support for components pursued in the participating TCNP. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government.

-Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system. By pooling resources and expertise, the Blueprint takes advantage of economies of scale, confronts challenges too large for any single Institute or Center, and develops research tools and infrastructure that serve the entire neuroscience community. -This FOA is issued in complement with the NIH Notice NOT-EB-07-002. These FOAs intend to support modification, and enhancement of existing neuroimaging informatics tools and resources that are hosted or being considered for inclusion into the NIH Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC). Examples of such tools include image segmentation, image registration, image processing pipelines, statistical analysis packages, spatial alignment and normalization algorithms, and data format translators. Resources include well-characterized test datasets, data formats, and databases, among others. The proposed work shall significantly improve the interoperability and adoptability of neuroimaging informatics tools and resources and result in enhanced dissemination, adoption, and evolution of such tools and resources by the broader neuroimaging research community. This R03 announcement aims in particular to support NIH grantees with significant research in the subject domain area of developing neuroimaging informatics tools and resources but who are not currently eligible to apply for Administrative Revision (formerly “supplements”) under the NOT-EB-07-002. Applicants who are not currently funded by the NIH and who are associated with significant research in the subject domain area should also apply through this FOA.

-Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is for projects from individual-investigators or small groups to collaborate with the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs). For a description of the NCBCs see http://www.bisti.nih.gov/ncbc/. The intention of the collaborating projects is to engage researchers across the nation in building an excellent biomedical computing environment, using the computational tools and biological and behavioral application drivers of the funded NCBCs as foundation stones. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-250 that solicits applications under the R21 mechanism, and which solicits innovative, high risk/high impact new areas that are lacking preliminary data or development. -Successful applications will be funded by the participating ICs.

-Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is for projects from individual-investigators or small groups to collaborate with the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs). For a description of the NCBCs see http://www.bisti.nih.gov/ncbc/. The intention of the collaborating projects is to engage researchers across the nation in building an excellent biomedical computing environment, using the computational tools and biological and behavioral application drivers of the funded NCBCs as foundation stones. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the R21 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-249 that solicits applications under the R01 mechanism. -This FOA is intended to support exploratory biomedical informatics and computational biology research-applications should be innovative, with high risk-high impact in new areas that are lacking preliminary data or development. Applications for R21 awards should describe projects distinct from those supported through the traditional R01 mechanism. For example, long-term projects, or projects designed to increase knowledge in a well-established area will not be considered for R21 awards. -Successful applications will be funded by the participating ICs.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits grant applications to develop research and methods to enhance the rate of membrane protein structure determination and to determine specific membrane protein structures.Innovative methods for expression, oligomerization, solubilization, stabilization, purification, characterization, crystallization, isotopic labeling, and structure determination of unique and biologically significant membrane proteins by x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron microscopic,mass spectrometry, and other biophysical techniques are encouraged.Projects that will lead in the near term to determining the structures of biologically important membrane proteins are also encouraged. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Eye Institute (NEI), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) invite applications for studies on the cellular and molecular signaling between the local environment within organisms and stem and progenitor cells that are either introduced as transplants or are normally resident within host tissues and organs. The objective of this initiative is to promote a thorough exploration and characterization of the bi-directional communication between multipotent cells and the three-dimensional local milieu or niche that they encounter in vivo under normal and compromised states, such as with aging or following injury, disease or drug exposure. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-207 and PAS-06-208) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance invite research grant applications aimed at understanding or treating Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the NIH R01 research project grant mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-205 and PAS-06-206) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $2,000,000 to this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) and two other Program Announcements of identical scientific scope (see above) that utilize the R03 and R21 mechanisms. These funds are in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to these announcements that score within the paylines of the participating NIH Institutes. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite research grant applications aimed at developing non-human lentiviral in vivo model systems for study of the neurologic complications of AIDS, with or without a history of drug use. Recent advances in the development of the SIV model system highlight the power of animal model systems for study of the mechanisms underlying the pathology associated with lentiviral infection in the nervous system. These models will be key for developing therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients suffering from NeuroAIDS and for understanding the basic biology of infection with HIV/AIDS. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the NIH Research Project (R01) award mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-275 and PAS-06-276) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively.  -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $2,150,000 to this PAS for payment of applications responsive to this announcement and the two parallel announcements (see above). Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the International Rett Syndrome Association (IRSA) and the Rett Syndrome Research Foundation (RSRF) invite research grant applications aimed at understanding and/or treating Rett Syndrome (RTT). The recent demonstration that mutations in the MECP2 gene cause most cases of RTT has created new opportunities for both basic and clinical research. Included within the scope of this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) are developmental, neuroanatomical, molecular genetic, and pathophysiological research, therapy development projects and clinical studies. Studies of the role of MeCP2 in basic biological processes or in the etiology of other neurological or neurobehavioral disorders are also appropriate. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will utilize the NIH traditional research project grant (R01) mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-273 and PAS-06-274) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $2,600,000 to this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) and two other Program Announcements of identical scientific scope that utilize the R03 and R21 mechanisms (see above), in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this initiative that score within the paylines of the participating NIH Institutes. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued as a Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS), invites applications proposing clinical and translational research in multiple sclerosis (MS) that target the neurodegenerative aspect of this disease. Applicants are expected to propose activities that are directly focused on the development of neuroprotective and regenerative therapies for MS. Applications in basic neuroscience or glial biology are not covered under this PAS. Applications for clinical trials and interventional studies are directed to use the funding mechanisms and opportunities listed at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/areas/clinical_trials/index.htm. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-266) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental (R21) grant award mechanism.. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The total amount to be awarded is up to $1,500,000 for the duration of this solicitation, in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this FOA and a parallel FOA that uses the R21 mechanism (see above), that score within the NINDS payline. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each R01 project is limited to a duration of five years.