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Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites applications for studying the integration of neurobiological and cerebrovascular mechanisms in the adult, aged and pediatric brain in health and disease. Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) with set-aside funds (PAS) will utilize the Research Project (R01) grant award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-200) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental (R21) grant award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS and NIA have set aside $1,100,000 in total costs per year. NINDS will use set-aside funds for applications sent in response to this FOA and a parallel FOA that uses the R21 mechanism (see above), that score outside the NINDS payline (see NINDS Funding Strategy http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/ninds_funding_strategy.htm), depending on the overall scientific merit of the applications and the availability of funds throughout the duration of this solicitation. NIA will consider programmatic priority, as reflected in this FOA and the parallel FOA, and scientific merit in using set-aside funds for applications assigned to it in response to this FOA. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each project is limited to a duration of five years. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Eye Institute (NEI), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) invite applications for studies on the cellular and molecular signaling between the local environment within organisms and stem and progenitor cells that are either introduced as transplants or are normally resident within host tissues and organs. The objective of this initiative is to promote a thorough exploration and characterization of the bi-directional communication between multipotent cells and the three-dimensional local milieu or niche that they encounter in vivo under normal and compromised states, such as with aging or following injury, disease or drug exposure. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-207 and PAS-06-208) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively.

Purpose. Under this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) invite research grant applications that address the underlying neurobiological mechanisms associated with the cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD), that address the development of clinical interventions and therapeutics for cognitive impairment in PD, or that promote improved clinical diagnosis or treatment of cognitive impairment in PD. A goal of this FOA is to begin a process where basic and clinical scientists from various disciplines can overcome barriers to cross-disciplinary and biobehavioral research and examine all aspects of cognition in the context of the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity uses the R01 mechanism, and is one of three coordinated programs being released by NINDS to promote research on the non-motor aspects of Parkinsons disease, including Research On The Cognitive Sequelae Of Parkinson's Disease (R03) (PA-06-194), and Research On The Cognitive Sequelae Of Parkinson's Disease (R21) (PA-06-195) that utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the International Rett Syndrome Association (IRSA) and the Rett Syndrome Research Foundation (RSRF) invite research grant applications aimed at understanding and/or treating Rett Syndrome (RTT). The recent demonstration that mutations in the MECP2 gene cause most cases of RTT has created new opportunities for both basic and clinical research. Included within the scope of this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) are developmental, neuroanatomical, molecular genetic, and pathophysiological research, therapy development projects and clinical studies. Studies of the role of MeCP2 in basic biological processes or in the etiology of other neurological or neurobehavioral disorders are also appropriate. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will utilize the NIH traditional research project grant (R01) mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-273 and PAS-06-274) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $2,600,000 to this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) and two other Program Announcements of identical scientific scope that utilize the R03 and R21 mechanisms (see above), in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this initiative that score within the paylines of the participating NIH Institutes. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite applications for studies on the characterization, behavior and plasticity of human and non-human stem cells, regulation of their replication, differentiation, integration and function in the nervous system, and the identification and characterization of normal and tumor stem cells. Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the NIH traditional research project grant (R01) award mechanism, but will be run in parallel with a program announcement of identical scientific scope (PA-06-198) that will utilize the exploratory/developmental (R21) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Applications can be renewed by competing for additional project periods. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

Purpose. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit applications on lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) focused on improving CNS treatment outcomes, enhancing the effectiveness of delivery and targeting of cells, enzymes, drugs and genes into the brain, and developing novel therapeutic modalities, such as implantable biocapsules and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based devices. Lysosomal storage disorders constitute a group of recessive genetic diseases resulting from cellular enzymatic deficiencies of acid hydrolases that normally catalyze the metabolism of glycoproteins, glycolipids and other macromolecules, or from defects in transporter proteins leading to pathogenic accumulation of these substances in lysosomes. Treatment modalities for LSDs are currently limited to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). These approaches while providing significant promise for treatment of the visceral manifestations of LSDs, do little to address CNS pathologies for this group of disorders. Thus this announcement specifically encourages the transition from basic studies in LSDs to translational research for improved delivery of therapeutic cells, proteins, genes, and small molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-202) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental grant award (R21) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The NINDS and ORD intend to commit a total of approximately $1,050,000 (total costs), in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this FOA and a parallel R21 FOA (see above) that score within the NINDS payline (see NINDS Funding Strategy http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/ninds_funding_strategy.htm), depending on the overall scientific merit of the applications and the availability of funds throughout the duration of this solicitation. Additional funds may also be available through the Lysosomal Storage Disease Research Consortium (http://www.LSDresearch.org) for applications received and reviewed under this FOA. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each R01 project is limited to a duration of five years. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

-The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards individual senior level research training fellowships to experienced scientists who wish to make major changes in the direction of their research careers or who wish to broaden their scientific background by acquiring new research capabilities as independent investigators in research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. -The primary objective of this funding opportunity is to help ensure that diverse pools of highly trained scientists will be available in adequate numbers and in appropriate research areas to carry out the Nations biomedical, behavioral and clinical research agendas. -The number of awards and the total amount of funding that the participating NIH Institutes and Centers expect to award through this announcement will depend on the scientific merit of applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers, and the availability of funds.

-Purpose. This encourages investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for biomedical and behavior research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the zebrafish community that will advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development and aging, organ formation, behavior, sensory processing, physiological processes, and disease processes. This effort stems from an NIH initiative developed by the Institutes and Centers of the Trans-NIH Zebrafish Coordinating Committee (TZCC) under the co-chairmanship of NICHD and NIDDK. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research on discovering etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying a set of chronic, comorbid conditions associated with temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders (TMJMDs). TMJMDs are a complex collection of diseases involving one or more tissues of the TMJ and facial musculature. Primary symptoms include chronic pain in facial muscles and limited and painful movement of the jaw. In addition, these and other symptoms of TMJMD can occur together with other chronic illnesses such as fibromyalgia, atypical face pain, trigeminal neuralgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, migraine headache, speech hearing, swallowing, balance, smell, and taste disorders, and certain cardiovascular diseases. This program announcement seeks research applications that use state-of-the-art, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to discover molecular, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms responsible for the overlapping symptoms manifested in the set of disorders that may co-exist with TMJMD. These applications may have as their research focus the chronic, comorbid conditions themselves or TMJMDs, provided that the aims and goals of the project are to discover biological mechanisms linking the comorbidities. While the overarching goal of this announcement is to arrive at a better understanding of potential mechanisms underlying TMJMDs as related to the variety of comorbidities associated with them, it is expected that no single research project will be able to accomplish this. Applicants are, therefore, encouraged to focus their attention on a particular pathway and a specific disease that is comorbid with TMJMD. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-06-267 and PA-06-268, that solicit applications under the Small Research (R03) and the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) encourage investigator-initiated research grant applications for projects studying pathogenesis and therapies for the muscular dystrophies. Responses to this announcement may include basic, translational or patient-oriented studies of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy or other forms of muscular dystrophy. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-06-508, that solicits applications under the R21 mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications selected for award.