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-Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is for projects from individual-investigators or small groups to collaborate with the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs). For a description of the NCBCs see http://www.bisti.nih.gov/ncbc/. The intention of the collaborating projects is to engage researchers across the nation in building an excellent biomedical computing environment, using the computational tools and biological and behavioral application drivers of the funded NCBCs as foundation stones. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the R21 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-249 that solicits applications under the R01 mechanism. -This FOA is intended to support exploratory biomedical informatics and computational biology research-applications should be innovative, with high risk-high impact in new areas that are lacking preliminary data or development. Applications for R21 awards should describe projects distinct from those supported through the traditional R01 mechanism. For example, long-term projects, or projects designed to increase knowledge in a well-established area will not be considered for R21 awards. -Successful applications will be funded by the participating ICs.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits grant applications to develop research and methods to enhance the rate of membrane protein structure determination and to determine specific membrane protein structures.Innovative methods for expression, oligomerization, solubilization, stabilization, purification, characterization, crystallization, isotopic labeling, and structure determination of unique and biologically significant membrane proteins by x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron microscopic,mass spectrometry, and other biophysical techniques are encouraged.Projects that will lead in the near term to determining the structures of biologically important membrane proteins are also encouraged. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. Under this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) invite research grant applications that address the underlying neurobiological mechanisms associated with the cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD), that address the development of clinical interventions and therapeutics for cognitive impairment in PD, or that promote improved clinical diagnosis or treatment of cognitive impairment in PD. A goal of this FOA is to begin a process where basic and clinical scientists from various disciplines can overcome barriers to cross-disciplinary and biobehavioral research and examine all aspects of cognition in the context of the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity uses the R01 mechanism, and is one of three coordinated programs being released by NINDS to promote research on the non-motor aspects of Parkinsons disease, including Research On The Cognitive Sequelae Of Parkinson's Disease (R03) (PA-06-194), and Research On The Cognitive Sequelae Of Parkinson's Disease (R21) (PA-06-195) that utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Eye Institute (NEI), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) invite applications for studies on the cellular and molecular signaling between the local environment within organisms and stem and progenitor cells that are either introduced as transplants or are normally resident within host tissues and organs. The objective of this initiative is to promote a thorough exploration and characterization of the bi-directional communication between multipotent cells and the three-dimensional local milieu or niche that they encounter in vivo under normal and compromised states, such as with aging or following injury, disease or drug exposure. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-207 and PAS-06-208) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively.

Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite applications for studies on the characterization, behavior and plasticity of human and non-human stem cells, regulation of their replication, differentiation, integration and function in the nervous system, and the identification and characterization of normal and tumor stem cells. Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the NIH traditional research project grant (R01) award mechanism, but will be run in parallel with a program announcement of identical scientific scope (PA-06-198) that will utilize the exploratory/developmental (R21) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Applications can be renewed by competing for additional project periods. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the International Rett Syndrome Association (IRSA) and the Rett Syndrome Research Foundation (RSRF) invite research grant applications aimed at understanding and/or treating Rett Syndrome (RTT). The recent demonstration that mutations in the MECP2 gene cause most cases of RTT has created new opportunities for both basic and clinical research. Included within the scope of this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) are developmental, neuroanatomical, molecular genetic, and pathophysiological research, therapy development projects and clinical studies. Studies of the role of MeCP2 in basic biological processes or in the etiology of other neurological or neurobehavioral disorders are also appropriate. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will utilize the NIH traditional research project grant (R01) mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-273 and PAS-06-274) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $2,600,000 to this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) and two other Program Announcements of identical scientific scope that utilize the R03 and R21 mechanisms (see above), in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this initiative that score within the paylines of the participating NIH Institutes. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit applications on lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) focused on improving CNS treatment outcomes, enhancing the effectiveness of delivery and targeting of cells, enzymes, drugs and genes into the brain, and developing novel therapeutic modalities, such as implantable biocapsules and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based devices. Lysosomal storage disorders constitute a group of recessive genetic diseases resulting from cellular enzymatic deficiencies of acid hydrolases that normally catalyze the metabolism of glycoproteins, glycolipids and other macromolecules, or from defects in transporter proteins leading to pathogenic accumulation of these substances in lysosomes. Treatment modalities for LSDs are currently limited to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). These approaches while providing significant promise for treatment of the visceral manifestations of LSDs, do little to address CNS pathologies for this group of disorders. Thus this announcement specifically encourages the transition from basic studies in LSDs to translational research for improved delivery of therapeutic cells, proteins, genes, and small molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-202) that solicits applications under the exploratory/developmental grant award (R21) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The NINDS and ORD intend to commit a total of approximately $1,050,000 (total costs), in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to this FOA and a parallel R21 FOA (see above) that score within the NINDS payline (see NINDS Funding Strategy http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/ninds_funding_strategy.htm), depending on the overall scientific merit of the applications and the availability of funds throughout the duration of this solicitation. Additional funds may also be available through the Lysosomal Storage Disease Research Consortium (http://www.LSDresearch.org) for applications received and reviewed under this FOA. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Each R01 project is limited to a duration of five years. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) encourages submission of investigator-initiated research grant applications to study mechanisms of transmission and dissemination of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PA-06-192 and PA-06-193) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance invite research grant applications aimed at understanding or treating Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the NIH R01 research project grant mechanism, but will be run in parallel with two program announcements of identical scientific scope (PAS-06-205 and PAS-06-206) that will utilize the small research grant (R03) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $2,000,000 to this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) and two other Program Announcements of identical scientific scope (see above) that utilize the R03 and R21 mechanisms. These funds are in addition to funds available for applications sent in response to these announcements that score within the paylines of the participating NIH Institutes. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and the National Institute of Arthritis and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) encourage submission of investigator-initiated research grant applications to study restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder. Mechanism of Support. The type of mechanism to be used is the Research Project (R01) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Specific funds are not set-aside for this funding opportunity announcement (FOA). Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.  Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.