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-Purpose. The primary objective of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research on the etiology and management of sarcoidosis, a human disorder of granulomatous inflammation.We encourage research that seeks to identify not only the cause of sarcoidosis, but seeks related predisposing factors, such as genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic or glycomic factors related to the etiology of sarcoidosis. Investigations might include how sarcoidosis perturbs the innate and acquired immunity systems; affects multi-organs within the human body; and impacts biobehavioral and psychosocial factors of the individual, family, and community.The goal is to delineate possible causes and phenotypic host characteristics in susceptible or at risk people so that preventive strategies can be developed, early diagnosis improved, and better antidotes or therapy devised to lessen initial disease immunopathology.Interventions that are cost effective and reduce the individual, family, and community burden of the disease are also encouraged.Also, there is interest for approaches to risk reduction, psychological coping, and management of complications or side effects of treatment. This program solicits innovative, multidisciplinary basic and clinical research of sarcoidosis involving the respiratory tract and other frequently involved organs, especially those of so- called critical involvement (heart, eyes, liver, and neurologic system) with the intent of accelerating progress in the discovery of the cause of sarcoidosis and its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.This program also encourages methodologies and instruments that determine disease burden. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose innovative research in biomedical computational science and technology to promote the progress of biomedical research. There exists an expanding need to speed the progress of biomedical research through the power of computing to manage and analyze data and to model biological processes.The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in biomedical computational science and technology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research.As defined here biomedical computing or biomedical information science and technology includes database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical models and simulations. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-161, that solicits applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. Other parallel FOAs of identical scientific scope (PAR-06-410) and (PAR-06-411) use the traditional research project grant (R01) and exploratory innovation grant (R21) respectively. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Eligible Organizations: Only United States SBCs are eligible to submit SBIR applications. A SBC is one that, on the date of award for both Phase I and Phase II funding agreements, meets ALL of the criteria as described in Section III. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators: Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. On an SBIR application, the PD/PI must have his/her primary employment (more than 50%) with the SBC at the time of award and for the duration of the project. Applicant SBCs may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.

-The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards individual postdoctoral research training fellowships to promising applicants with the potential to become productive, independent investigators in research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. -The primary objective of this funding opportunity is to help ensure that diverse pools of highly trained scientists will be available in adequate numbers and in appropriate research areas to carry out the Nations biomedical, behavioral and clinical research agendas. -The number of awards and the total amount of funding that the participating NIH Institutes and Centers expect to award through this announcement will depend on the scientific merit of applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers, and the availability of funds.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of Xenopus as a vertebrate model for biomedical research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the Xenopus community that will advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development, organogenesis, and in cell biological processes, such as cell division, signaling and migration. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits grant applications proposing research to advance biomedical knowledge related to sleep or sleep disorders, improve understanding of the neurobiology or functions of sleep over the life-span, enhance timely diagnosis and effective treatment for individuals affected by sleep-related disorders, or implement and evaluate innovative community-based public health education and intervention programs. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-06-238, that solicits applications under the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Other(s): Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose innovative research in biomedical computational science and technology to promote the progress of biomedical research. There exists an expanding need to speed the progress of biomedical research through the power of computing to manage and analyze data and to model biological processes.The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in biomedical computational science and technology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research.As defined here biomedical computing or biomedical information science and technology includes database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical models and simulations. This FOA will utilize the STTR (R41/R42) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-07-160, that solicits applications under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) (R43/R44) grant mechanisms. Other parallel FOAs of identical scientific scope (PAR-06-410) and (PAR-06-411) use the traditional research project grant (R01) and exploratory innovation grant (R21) respectively. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Eligible Organizations: Only United States SBCs are eligible to submit STTR applications. A SBC is one that, on the date of award for both Phase I and Phase II funding agreements, meets ALL of the criteria as described in Section III. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PDs/PIs): Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. On an STTR application, the PD/PI may be employed with the SBC or the participating non-profit research institution as long as he/she has a formal appointment with or commitment to the applicant SBC, which is characterized by an official relationship between the small business concern and that individual. Applicant SBCs may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) encourage investigator-initiated research grant applications for projects studying pathogenesis and therapies for the muscular dystrophies. Responses to this announcement may include basic, translational or patient-oriented studies of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy or other forms of muscular dystrophy. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the R01 grant mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-06-508, that solicits applications under the R21 mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications selected for award.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage grant applications for the support of research designed to elucidate the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to Autistic Disorder ("autism") and autism spectrum disorders (Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, or "Atypical Autism").Basic, clinical and applied studies are encouraged.This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Autism Research Matrix (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/autismiacc/researchmatrix.pdf). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-06-391 and PA-06-392, that solicit applications under the Small Grant (R03) and the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanisms, respectively. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, costs, as well as the number of applications received.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), the National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits research grant applications to study neuroimmune molecules and mechanisms involved in regulating normal and pathological central nervous system (CNS) function. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-06-533, that solicits applications under the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism. Applications of related or identical scientific scope are also solicited under the Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism in response to FOA PA-06-180. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit grant applications to expand basic and translational research on the processes and mechanisms involved in the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Applications of related or identical scientific scope are solicited also under the Small Research Grant (R03) and the Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) award mechanisms, responding to FOAs PA-06-180 and PA-06-181, respectively -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.