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-Purpose. This FOA intends to support modification and enhancement of existing neuroimaging informatics tools and resources that are hosted or being considered for inclusion into the NIH Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC, www.nitrc.org, public release scheduled for October 2007). Examples of such tools include image segmentation, image registration, image processing pipelines, statistical analysis packages, spatial alignment and normalization algorithms, and data format translators.Resources include well-characterized test datasets, data formats, and databases, among others. The proposed work shall significantly improve the interoperability and adoptability of neuroimaging informatics tools and resources and result in enhanced dissemination, adoption, and evolution of such tools and resources by the broader neuroimaging research community. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism and runs in parallel with the NIH Notice NOT-EB-07-006 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-EB-07-006.html) of identical scientific scope that solicits applications under the Administrative Revision (formerly supplement) mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $950,000 to this FOA. The anticipated total number of awards for this FOA is 5-7 per year. Awards issued under this announcement are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. To encourage multidisciplinary , investigator-initiated basic and translational research in developmental pharmacology with particular emphasis on the role of ontogeny on drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors and signaling pathways activity across -Developmental periods from fetal life to adolescence. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism.

-Purpose. This FOA solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/organizations proposing exceptionally innovative research on novel hypotheses or difficult problems, solutions to which would have an extremely high impact in biomedical or biobehavioral research that is germane to the mission of one or more of the participating NIH Institutes. This FOA does not support pilot projects, i.e., projects of limited scope that are designed primarily to generate data that will enable the PI to seek other funding opportunities. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NIGMS intends to commit $5 million in FY2008 to fund 13-17 applications submitted in response to this FOA. NINDS, NIMH, and NIDA intend to commit an additional $1.5 million, $1 million, and $500,000, respectively. NIAID intends to commit up to $400,000 to fund one application. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the central and peripheral nervous systems. In fiscal year 2008, the Blueprint is emphasizing neural development. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits applications directed toward the discovery of novel and/or improved means for precise spatiotemporal analysis or manipulation of circuit assembly in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. For the purposes of this FOA, neural circuit development is defined as processes occurring during prenatal and postnatal development (through adolescence) that begin with axon and dendrite formation and continue through axon guidance and pathfinding, myelination, synapse formation and synapse refinement. Tools and technologies for the study of invertebrates, vertebrates and/or humans are acceptable if the resulting resources will accelerate research in the area of neural circuit development. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) award mechanism.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites Small Business Technology Transfer Research (STTR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) for projects to design and develop advanced tools and technologies that will lead to improved clinical treatment for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) patients. -Mechanism of Support.This FOA will utilize the STTR (R41/R42) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-07-396, that solicits applications under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) (R43/R44) grant mechanisms. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. For this funding opportunity, budgets up to $250,000 total costs per year and time periods up to 2 years for Phase I may be requested. Budgets up to $500,000 total costs per year and up to 3 years may be requested for Phase II. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) for projects to design and develop advanced tools and technologies that will lead to improved clinical treatment for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) patients. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-07-395, that solicits applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. For this funding opportunity, budgets up to $250,000 total costs per year and time periods up to 2 years for Phase I may be requested. Budgets up to $500,000 total costs per year and up to 3 years may be requested for Phase II. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), in conjunction with the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (DMRF) and the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation, Inc., invite research grant applications aimed at understanding or treating generalized and focal dystonias.The aim of this FOA is to encourage basic, translational and clinical studies, to determine the patho-physiology of dystonia, to stimulate the development of basic and translational resources to further dystonia research, to accelerate research into promising therapeutic approaches for dystonia, and to stimulate progress in dystonia research through encouraging and facilitating interdisciplinary interactions. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will utilize the NIH R01 mechanism, and runs in parallel with another FOA of identical scientific scope (PA-07-398) that solicit applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental grant mechanism (R21). -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards.Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), in conjunction with the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (DMRF) and the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation, Inc., invite research grant applications aimed at understanding or treating generalized and focal dystonias.The aim of this FOA is to encourage basic, translational and clinical studies, to determine the patho-physiology of dystonia, to stimulate the development of basic and translational resources to further dystonia research, to accelerate research into promising therapeutic approaches for dystonia, and to stimulate progress in dystonia research through encouraging and facilitating interdisciplinary interactions. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with another FOA of identical scientific scope (PA-07-397) that solicit applications under the NIH Traditional Research Project Grant (R01) mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. Advances in the brain and behavioral sciences are being made rapidly, vastly improving our understanding of healthy brain function and offering promise to the millions suffering from brain and behavioral disorders. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose to enable neuroscience and behavioral research through the development of novel, or the significant enhancement or improvement of currently existing, tools and approaches to be used in brain and behavioral research.Such tools and approaches could include those used in basic or clinical research, or for clinical treatment and care (e.g., assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of brain disorders).Research solicited under this funding opportunity announcement is not limited to any particular type of technology, level of analysis, or approach. Multidisciplinary teams of researchers are especially encouraged to apply. Technologies appropriate for study, development and enhancement under this FOA include hardware, software, and wetware (and combinations thereof).

Purpose. Advances in the brain and behavioral sciences are being made rapidly, vastly improving our understanding of healthy brain function and offering promise to the millions suffering from brain and behavioral disorders. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose to enable neuroscience and behavioral research through the development of novel, or the significant enhancement or improvement of currently existing, tools and approaches to be used in brain and behavioral research.Such tools and approaches could include those used in basic or clinical research, or for clinical treatment and care (e.g., assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of brain disorders).Research solicited under this funding opportunity announcement is not limited to any particular type of technology, level of analysis, or approach. Multidisciplinary teams of researchers are especially encouraged to apply. Technologies appropriate for study, development and enhancement under this FOA include hardware, software, and wetware (and combinations thereof).