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-This funding opportunity (FOA) is aimed at enhancing nanoscience and nanotechnology research focused on problems in biology and medicine. Nanoscience and nanotechnology refer to research and development on the understanding and control of matter at a length scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometers, where novel properties and functions occur because of the size. -A major challenge facing medicine is to develop novel and more sophisticated approaches for the diagnosis, treatment and management of an array of diseases and traumatic injuries. Nanotechnology and nanoscience have the capacity to drive a new wave of medical innovation through the engineering of bioactive nanoscale structures, processes and systems based on the advancement of our understanding of biology at the nanoscale.

-Purpose. The goal of this program announcement is to promote studies that 1) identify the properties of brain tumor cells that cause them to migrate; 2) determine how interaction of tumor cells with normal brain elements affects migration; and 3) translate understanding of these parameters into interventions that target invading tumor cells. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) mechanism and will run in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAS-08-049, that solicits applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS has set aside $400,000 in total costs per year for this announcement and a parallel announcement that utilizes the R21 mechanism (see above).These funds are in addition to funds available for applications that score within the NINDS payline and depend on the overall scientific merit of the application and availability of funds throughout the duration of the announcement.NCI will consider programmatic priority and scientific merit in making funding decisions. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote studies that 1) identify the properties of brain tumor cells that cause them to migrate; 2) determine how interaction of tumor cells with normal brain elements affects migration; and 3) translate understanding of these parameters into interventions that target invading tumor cells. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAS-08-048, that solicits applications under the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS has set aside $400,000 in total costs per year for this announcement and a parallel announcement that utilizes the R01 mechanism (see above).These funds are in addition to funds available for applications that score within the NINDS payline and depend on the overall scientific merit of the application and availability of funds throughout the duration of the announcement.NCI will consider programmatic priority and scientific merit in making funding decisions. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system.This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is released in affiliation with the Neuroscience Blueprint, with Institutes and Centers participating independently.This FOA solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications that propose to continue the process of developing complex instrumentation, clinical research tools, or behavioral interventions and treatments.This FOA specifically invites applications for the competing renewal of previously funded Phase II SBIR grants to further develop the aforementioned types of technologies. -Mechanism of Support.This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R44) Phase II grant mechanism for this Competing Renewal of a Phase II grant -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. This Agency-wide Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is a Program Announcement (PA) to encourage new research applications proposing research on hPSCs from non-embryonic sources. This FOA addresses Executive Order 13435 issued by President George W. Bush on June 20, 2007.The Executive Order requires that The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall conduct and support research on the isolation, derivation, production, and testing of stem cells that are capable of producing all or almost all of the cell types of the developing body and may result in improved understanding of or treatments for diseases and other adverse health conditions, but are derived without creating a human embryo for research purposes or destroying, discarding, or subjecting to harm a human embryo. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-044, that encourages applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. This Agency-wide Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is a Program Announcement (PA) to encourage new research applications proposing research on hPSCs from non-embryonic sources. This FOA addresses Executive Order 13435 issued by President George W. Bush on June 20, 2007.The Executive Order requires that The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall conduct and support research on the isolation, derivation, production, and testing of stem cells that are capable of producing all or almost all of the cell types of the developing body and may result in improved understanding of or treatments for diseases and other adverse health conditions, but are derived without creating a human embryo for research purposes or destroying, discarding, or subjecting to harm a human embryo. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-043, that encourages applications under the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose: The goal of this initiative is to create a center (or centers) to 1) evaluate new monoclonal antibodies (mABs) to neurodevelopmental antigens using multiple model systems and 2) provide detailed information for use of these reagents to the research community. Some of the most powerful tools in understanding nervous system development are antibodies that monitor the expression of key developmental proteins. Accordingly, one of the most compelling needs within the community is greater access to well-validated mABs. As an initial step to address this need, the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research (subsequently referred to as the Blueprint) is currently funding the targeted creation and distribution of a large number of high quality monoclonal antibodies via the Blueprint Resource Antibodies Initiative for Neurodevelopment (BRAINdev) in partnership with the UC Davis/NINDS/NIMH NeuroMab Facility (www.neuromab.org). An important component of the overall Blueprint mAB plan is to provide detailed information on the performance of the antibodies across model systems common to neurodevelopmental research. While BRAINdev antibodies will initially be assayed in a limited number of model organisms via NeuroMab, their utility in a broad range model systems will be evaluated by a associated, but distinct center(s) to be called the Center(s) for Neurodevelopmental Antibodies (CENA). All of the BRAINdev antibodies, and all of the evaluation data produced by the centers, will be made available to the research community. To fulfill the evaluation portion of this plan, this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits applications directed toward the creation of a center (or centers) to perform further examination of mABs immunoreactivity in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems of multiple model systems. This announcement specifically requests the creation of antibody evaluation centers which will, in total, determine the ability of antibodies to recognize their corresponding antigen during development in the following organisms: fruit fly (D. melanogaster), nematode (C. elegans), zebrafish (D. rerio), mouse (M. musculus), chick (G. gallus), frog (X. laevis and X. tropicalis), rat (R. norvegicus), rhesus monkey (M. mulatta) and human (H. sapiens). Individual centers will establish experimental conditions for antibody use during development, including immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry in at least five species, as well as provide these data to the neurodevelopment community. Mechanism of Support. This FOA uses the Resource-Related Research Projects-Cooperative Agreement (U24) award mechanism Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The Blueprint is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) that support research on the central and peripheral nervous systems. In fiscal year 2008, the Blueprint is emphasizing neural development. The participating Blueprint organizations intend to commit $1,200,000 over a two-year period to fund 1 to 3 applications in response to this FOA. Additional meritorious applications may be funded by individual NIH Institutes. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Budget and Project Period. The total project period for an application submitted in response to this funding opportunity may not exceed two years. Direct costs are limited to $600,000 per year for a two-year period. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Eligible agencies of the Federal government. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PDs/PIs): Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. Number of Applications. Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct. Renewals and Resubmissions. Neither renewals or resubmissions will be accepted for this FOA. Number of PDs/PIs. More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application.  Application Materials. See Section IV.1 for application materials. Hearing Impaired. Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088. Initial merit review will be convened by NINDS Special Receipt Date: February 15, 2008

-Purpose. This FOA invites applications for projects that will examine, through molecular approaches, the relationship between changes in the human microbiome and human health and disease. This program is a component of the NIH Roadmap 1.5 Human Microbiome Project (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/hmp/).  -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the UH2/UH3 cooperative agreement mechanisms to support the demonstration project awards. The program will be funded in two phases, as allowed by this mechanism. The initial one-year pilot phase (UH2) will allow investigators to procure samples and generate data that will be used to support the scale-up phase (UH3), which will be awarded after administrative review to those projects that have the most promise to demonstrate whether or not the human microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease.  -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The total amount of funds available for these awards is approximately $4 million total costs for the UH2 in FY 09 and $24.3 million for the UH3 in FY 10-12. Up to 10 UH2 and 5 UH3 awards are anticipated from this solicitation. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Canadian Stroke Network (CSN) have developed a partnership to facilitate the development of multi-institutional, multidisciplinary collaborations to address the pre-clinical translational challenges in stroke research and to conduct pre-clinical trials. Applications must have a consortium structure comprised of at least 3 participating laboratories at different institutions and a coordinating center that is responsible for data coordination, site and steering committee communication. Each preclinical site should have two (2) stroke models (species) available with one model common to all sites within the consortium. A steering committee of external advisors, NIH staff and consortium investigators will be responsible for protocol development. The NINDS intends to commit approximately $1.5 million in total costs in FY 2008 for this announcement to support a total of 2 meritorious applications. A consortium may request a project period of up to four years and a budget for direct costs up to $500,000 in each year. The CSN is currently funding one Canadian consortium at the level of $1.10 million per year for a 2 year period with the opportunity to extend for an additional 2 year period. This funding opportunity will use the NIH cooperative agreement research grant (U01) award mechanism. Eligible organizations include Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community based organizations.  Eligible principal investigators include any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. Applicants may submit more than one application, provided they are scientifically distinct. Competing renewal (formerly “competing continuation”) and resubmission applications will not be accepted under this FOA. At this time, it is not known if this FOA will be reissued. More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application.

-Purpose. This FOA provides updated guidelines for the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) Support of Competitive Research (SCORE) Program SC1 mechanism for Research Advancement Awards. -Mechanism of Support. The SCORE Program is a developmental program designed to increase the research competitiveness of faculty at minority-serving institutions (MSIs) and the institutions faculty research capabilities. To better achieve these objectives, three funding opportunities exist for individual investigator-initiated research awards according to their developmental level. The mechanisms used for these funding opportunities are the SC1 (PAR-08-026), SC2 (PAR-08-027) and SC3 (PAR-08-028) awards for individual investigators. Descriptions of the SC2 andSC3 mechanisms may be found at the NIGMS website, http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Minority/MBRS/. This announcement for the SC1 award outlines the investigator-initiated research project for faculty who are at the most advanced formative stages of their research career, i.e., who are engaged in state-of-the-art biomedical or behavioral research and are productive as evidenced by a steady track record of peer-reviewed publications, yet they have not had significant non-SCORE support and are planning to transition to other major external sources of support. It is the expectation of this award that by providing support to conduct competitive research and requiring participation of SC1 Principal Investigators (PI) in grantsmanship workshops and biennial PI meetings, they will be successful in securing non-SCORE external support.