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-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages grant applications proposing the development and conduct of innovative, collaborative research and research training projects, between High Income country (HIC) and low- to middle-income country (LMIC) scientists, on nervous system function and disorders throughout life, relevant to LMICs. The collaborative research programs are expected to contribute to the long-term goals of building sustainable research capacity in LMICs to address nervous system development, function and impairment throughout life and to lead to diagnostics, treatment and prevention strategies that are applicable worldwide. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-08-113, that encourages applications under the Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Applications will be considered for award by the listed NIH ICs or partner organizations according to their stated interests.The FIC will not award R01s but will consider co-funding R01s to be awarded by the funding partners. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.The total amount to be awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.The anticipated number of awards is six to ten.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages exploratory/developmental planning grant applications proposing the development of innovative, collaborative research and research training projects, between high income country (HIC) and low- to middle-income country (LMIC) scientists, on brain and other nervous system function and disorders throughout life, relevant to LMICs. The planning grants are expected to lead to full research programs which contribute to the long-term goals of building sustainable research capacity in LMICs to address nervous system development, function and impairment throughout life and to lead to diagnostics, prevention, and treatment strategies that are applicable worldwide. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/ Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-08-112, which encourages applications under the R01 grant mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The anticipated number of awards is six to 15; however, awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the application received.

-Purpose. The Jointly Sponsored NIH Predoctoral Training Program in the Neurosciences supports broad and fundamental, early-stage graduate research training in the neurosciences via institutional NRSA research training grants (T32) at domestic institutions of higher education.Trainees are supported during years 1 and 2 of their graduate training when they are typically not committed to a dissertation laboratory. The primary objective is to prepare qualified individuals for careers in neuroscience that have a significant impact on the health-related research needs of the Nation. -Mechanism of Support. This funding opportunity will use the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) T32 award mechanism. Institutional NRSA training grants may not be transferred from one institution to another. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the number, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIINDS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Aging (NIA), and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/ organizations that propose to find brain mechanisms to improve and develop new approaches to functional recovery after stroke. While stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, it is the leading cause of long-term disability in the American population. The Stroke Progress Review Group in 2006 identified the problem of brain repair and rehabilitation after stroke as a major priority for stroke research. In the last decade the major research efforts were directed toward treatment of the acute stroke: reestablishing perfusion of the affected areas, and minimizing the neuronal damage. With the advance of acute stroke treatment, the issues of functional restoration and post-stroke rehabilitation have become increasingly important. At the same time, our understanding of brain responses to stroke-induced damage, brain repair and functional recovery remains relatively poor. Post-stroke rehabilitation is a significant component of stroke treatment in the clinic. Nonetheless, most rehabilitation practices are empirical, rely on behavioral approaches, and are not based on data from large-scale randomized, controlled clinical trials. Relatively little research has been done on the mechanisms of brain repair and plasticity and their relation to behavioral and functional recovery, which are crucial for patients with lifetime consequences of this catastrophic event. This FOA seeks to expand studies on basic brain mechanisms of repair and plasticity after stroke, and on factors that influence these mechanisms. In addition, methods and approaches to improve and enhance reparative processes may be investigated, toward the goal of optimizing and developing promising new approaches to rehabilitation and functional recovery after stroke.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIINDS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Aging (NIA), and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) applications from institutions/ organizations that propose to find brain mechanisms to improve and develop new approaches to functional recovery after stroke. While stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, it is the leading cause of long-term disability in the American population. The Stroke Progress Review Group in 2006 identified the problem of brain repair and rehabilitation after stroke as a major priority for stroke research. In the last decade the major research efforts were directed toward treatment of the acute stroke: reestablishing perfusion of the affected areas, and minimizing the neuronal damage. With the advance of acute stroke treatment, the issues of functional restoration and post-stroke rehabilitation have become increasingly important. At the same time, our understanding of brain responses to stroke-induced damage, brain repair and functional recovery remains relatively poor. Post-stroke rehabilitation is a significant component of stroke treatment in the clinic. Nonetheless, most rehabilitation practices are empirical, rely on behavioral approaches, and are not based on data from large-scale randomized, controlled clinical trials. Relatively little research has been done on the mechanisms of brain repair and plasticity and their relation to behavioral and functional recovery, which are crucial for patients with lifetime consequences of this catastrophic event. This FOA seeks to expand studies on basic brain mechanisms of repair and plasticity after stroke, and on factors that influence these mechanisms. In addition, methods and approaches to improve and enhance reparative processes may be investigated, toward the goal of optimizing and developing promising new approaches to rehabilitation and functional recovery after stroke.

-Purpose.This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) solicits research grant applications to study neuroimmune molecules and mechanisms involved in regulating normal and pathological functions of the central nervous system (CNS). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-098, that solicits applications under the Exploratory/Development (R21) grant mechanism.Applications of related or identical scientific scope are also solicited under the Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism in response to FOA PA-06-180. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards.Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) solicits exploratory and developmental research grant applications to study neuroimmune molecules and mechanisms involved in regulating normal and pathological functions of the central nervous system (CNS). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-097, that solicits applications under the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Applications of related or identical scientific scope are also solicited under the Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism in response to FOA PA-06-180. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

-The NIH ORD, NIAMS, NIDDK, NICHD, NINDS, NIA, NIAAA, NCI, NIDCR and NHLBI invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications to continue the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). The Network has two main components: Rare Diseases Clinical Research Consortia (RDCRC) and a Data Management and Coordinating Center (DMCC) (formerly known as Data Technology Coordinating Center, DTCC). The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for RDCRCs that individually focus on a subset of related rare diseases. A separate FOA has been published to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for DMCC at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OD-08-002.html. -The purpose of the Network is to facilitate clinical research in rare diseases through support for 1) collaborative clinical research in rare diseases, including longitudinal studies of individuals with rare diseases, clinical studies and/or phase I , II and II/III trials; 2) training of clinical investigators in rare diseases research; 3) pilot and demonstration projects 4) a test bed for distributed clinical data management that incorporates novel approaches and technologies for data management, data mining, and data sharing across rare diseases, data types, and platforms; and 5) access to information related to rare diseases for basic and clinical researchers, academic and practicing physicians, patients, and the lay public. Items 1-3 and 5 must be addressed in RDCRC application and item 4 must be addressed in DMCC application (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OD-08-002.html)

-Purpose. The NIH ORD and NINDS invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications to continue the Data Management and Coordinating Center for the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). The Network has two main components: Rare Diseases Clinical Research Consortia (RDCRCs) and a Data Management and Coordinating Center (DMCC) (formerly known as Data Technology Coordinating Center, DTCC). The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for the DMCC, which supports the RDCRN. A separate FOA has been published to invite new and renewal cooperative agreement applications for RDCRCs at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OD-08-001.html. The purpose of the Network is to facilitate clinical research in rare diseases through support for 1) collaborative clinical research in rare diseases, including longitudinal studies of individuals with rare diseases, clinical studies and/or phase I , II and II/III trials; 2) training of clinical investigators in rare diseases research; 3) pilot and demonstration projects; 4) a test bed for distributed clinical data management that incorporates novel approaches and technologies for data management, data mining, and data sharing across rare diseases, data types, and platforms; and 5) access to information related to rare diseases for basic and clinical researchers, academic and practicing physicians, patients, and the lay public. The DMCC (U54) cooperative agreement application will focus on issues relevant to item 4) and 5). -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH U54 cooperative agreement award mechanism. Responsibility for the planning, direction, and execution of the proposed projects will be solely that of the applicant. The total project period for an application submitted in response to this FOA may not exceed 5 years. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NIH ORD intends to commit approximately $875,000 in total cost (i.e direct cost plus Facilities and Administrative (F&A) costs) per year to fund one DMCC, which will support at least seven RDCRC. ORD and the participating institutes and centers (ICs) intend to fund approximately seven RDCRCs in response to the companion RFA-OD-08-001. Should the size of Network increase to approximately 10 consortia, the NIH ORD intends to commit $1.25 M per year to fund one DMCC.

-Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) invites eligible United States small business concerns (SBCs) to submit Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications. United States SBCs that have the research capabilities and technological expertise to contribute to the R&D mission(s) of the NIH, CDC and FDA awarding components identified in this FOA are encouraged to submit SBIR grant applications in response to identified topics (see PHS 2008-2 SBIR/STTR Program Descriptions and Research Topics for NIH, CDC, and FDA.) -Mechanism of Support.This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, Fast-Track, and Phase II Competing Renewal applications (NIH only), and runs in parallel with an FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-08-051, that solicits applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. SBIR Fast-Track and Phase II Competing Renewal grant applications are accepted by the NIH only. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.