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Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits research project grant (R01) applications focused on conducting efficacy and effectiveness trials of child abuse and neglect interventions.Specifically, this FOA solicits grant applications that include various levels of interventions.For those interventions that need preliminary research, applicants should consider additional mechanisms, which are used to establish efficacy, including the R21 and R34, as appropriate.However, given the public health need for children and families who experience the negative effects of child abuse and neglect, interventions in which preliminary developmental/exploratory work has already been undertaken, and pilot studies, or in some cases efficacy trials, have demonstrated positive change are strongly encouraged for R01 grant applications under this FOA.Of particular interest is the development of large scale trials designed to target either or both the victims or perpetrators of child abuse and neglect, including preventive interventions. Child abuse and neglect is a complex public health issue likely caused by a myriad of factors, including individual-, family-, and community-level elements.Thus, a research program focused on understanding and addressing these problems must necessarily draw upon interdisciplinary theories and approaches.One of the goals of this FOA is to bring together multi-disciplinary and translational perspectives encompassing basic biomedical, behavioral and social science research in mental health, physical health, public health and prevention, alcohol and substance abuse, neurology, injury, trauma and child development, to advance our knowledge of child abuse and neglect.Only projects proposing rigorous scientific research designs will be considered; service demonstrations or other types of service programs are not eligible for funding under this FOA. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism.Applications for Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) and NIMH Clinical Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant (R34) are also sought for appropriate efficacy, exploratory, and treatment development studies. Applicants for the R21 and R34 award mechanisms should respond to the following FOAs for these mechanisms (NIH R21-PA-06-181; and the NIMH R34-PAR-06-248). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and cost of the applications received.Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); State Government; U.S. Territory or Possession; Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribal Government (Other than Federally Recognized); Indian/Native American Tribally Designated Organization; Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization); Hispanic-serving Institution; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Regional Organization; Eligible Agencies of the Federal government; Faith-based or community-based organizations. Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PDs/PIs). Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution/organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. Number of Applications. Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct. Renewals and Resubmissions.Applications can be renewed by competing for additional project periods.Applicants may submit a resubmission application, but such application must include an Introduction addressing the previous peer review critique (Summary Statement). Number of PDs/PIs.More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application.

-The purpose of this funding opportunity is to provide support for investigative groups to conduct genome-wide association (GWA) genotyping and/or replication studies, using data and specimens from human subjects on whom information is available for conditions/traits of public health importance and relevant environmental exposures. It includes support for sharing the specimens and data and analyzing the resulting data as part of the NIH-wide Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). -$1.8 million in FY 2008 funds have been committed to fund applications in response to this RFA. -It is anticipated that 2-4 awards will be made under this RFA. Awards are contingent on the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), through the issuance of this Request for Applications (RFA), seeks to encourage broader uses of established PET/SPECT radioligands by reducing barriers to their wider distribution, and expanding their utility to the study of diseases or organs for which the radioligand has not previously been studied. Applications for this RFA should demonstrate a high degree of innovation and novelty with regard to the new uses for existing radioligands. Although there is no requirement for preliminary data, a clear scientific rationale is essential. Applications for this RFA are expected to propose multi-institutional collaborations between investigators who have the capacity for routine production of a given radioligand for human use, and investigators who lack access to the radioligand but wish to demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative use for the radioligand in a novel patient population. The primary focus of the proposal must be on human studies; animal studies are allowable only if required to obtain regulatory approval for the ligands. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Phased Innovation Award (R21/R33) grant mechanism.  -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. This RFA has approximately $2.5M set aside to fund meritorious applications that address the goals of this solicitation. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. It is anticipated that between 8 - 10 proposals might be funded under this solicitation.

-This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits new (type 1) and competitive renewal (type 2) applications for the support of Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Centers. Successful applicants will join a network of existing Centers to foster the translation of new scientific findings and technological developments into novel treatments for the muscular dystrophies. Each Center may contain a mixture of basic, translational, or clinical research, as long as efforts are directed toward the steps required for therapeutic development, including therapeutic target identification, characterization, and validation, development of diagnostics and biomarkers to characterize or stratify patient populations, in vitro assay development, animal model development and characterization, candidate therapeutic efficacy screening, preclinical therapeutic optimization and FDA-required activities leading to an investigational new drug (IND) application, clinical infrastructure and studies in support of a clinical trial, patient-oriented natural history studies, and early stage clinical trials for one or more types of muscular dystrophy. -Applicants should propose multi-disciplinary and collaborative studies that address one or more gaps in the therapeutic development pipeline for muscular dystrophy. Research problems should require substantial collaborative efforts to solve, and thus are best carried out in a center setting. -Centers should be designed to include the following components: one or more scientific project(s), an Administrative Core, a Scientific Research Resource Core with national impact, and a Research Training and Education Core.Applications may include additional core facilities within the overall budget cap (see below).

Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system. This FOA is released in affiliation with the Neuroscience Blueprint, with Institutes and Centers participating independently, and with participation by Institutes that are not part of the Neuroscience Blueprint. Institutes that are not part of the Blueprint are also participating. Optimal use of informatics tools (e.g., tools for analyzing data, etc.) and resources (e.g., databases, data sets, etc.) depend upon explicit understandings of concepts related to the data upon which they compute. This is typically accomplished by a tool or resource adopting a formal controlled vocabulary and ontology. For the purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), an ontology is defined as a controlled vocabulary that describes objects and the relationships between those objects in a formal way. Generally, an ontology has a grammar that allows the terms of the vocabulary to express something meaningful to the biomedical researcher. In an effort to advance the use of powerful informatics approaches in biomedical research, this FOA solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/ organizations that propose to develop an ontology that will make it possible for software to understand how two or more existing data sets relate to each other.  Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. However, it is anticipated that most of the awards will be for limited amounts ($100,000 to $200,000 direct costs per year) and for short periods of time (2-3 years). It is not likely that these R01s will be renewed.  Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization). Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PDs/PIs). Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution/organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. Number of Applications. Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct. Renewals and Resubmissions. Applicants may submit a “resubmission” application, but such application must include an “Introduction” addressing the previous peer review critique (Summary Statement).  Number of PDs/PIs. More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application. Application Materials. See Section IV.1 for application materials. General Information. For general information on SF424 (R&R) Application and Electronic Submission, see these Web sites: SF424 (R&R) Application and Electronic Submission Information: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/424/index.htm General information on Electronic Submission of Grant Applications: http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/ Hearing Impaired. Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.  Technical Assistance Workshop. A technical assistance workshop is planned on October 18 to answer questions about this FOA. Participants can attend the meeting in person at the Natcher Auditorium on the NIH Campus or can participate via a videocast. Registration for the meeting and additional information can be found at http://www.nbirn.net . Special Submission/Receipt Date(s): January 18, 2008, September 18, 2008, January 21, 2009, and September 21, 2009 Special Review convened by CSR

Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system.This FOA is released in affiliation with the Neuroscience Blueprint, with Institutes and Centers participating independently, and with participation by Institutes that are not part of the Neuroscience Blueprint.Institutes that are not part of the Blueprint are also participating. Sharing data and tools across a research community adds tremendous value to the efforts of that community.Search engines like Google show the power of sharing text based data.While strides have been made, the infrastructure necessary to share and query data sets that have more than just textual biomedical data is still under development.Examples of such heterogeneous data sets include those that contain images, clinical data, or genomic/gene expression data.Two large NIH supported infrastructure projects to allow data and tool sharing are the caBIG program and the Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN). Many of the communities involved in neuroscience research embrace the data/tool sharing idea.Some communities, such as neuroimaging researchers, have seized it, and in so doing, have accrued scientific benefits that would have been otherwise out of reach.As a specific example, three neuroimaging research communities are serving as the biological test beds for the BIRN infrastructure (http://www.nbirn.net).The BIRN infrastructure has now matured to the point where it can serve as a platform for data sharing and informatics tool sharing that extends beyond the neuroimaging researchers involved in the test beds, to include other areas of neuroscience beyond imaging, and to include biomedical research beyond neuroscience. The caBIG program has goals that are related to those of the BIRN program, but has chosen a different development path. caBIG aims to develop applications and underlying architecture that connects data and tools in an open, federated environment.Interoperability in caBIG is based on standardizing interfaces and data, rather than on specific software systems used in BIRN.General information concerning caBIG can be found at https://cabig.nci.nih.gov/ . This FOA invites applications to make either data or tools more broadly available to the research community by making use of the BIRN and/or the caBIG infrastructure. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.However, it is anticipated that many of the awards will be for limited amounts ($100,000 to $200,000 direct costs per year) and for short periods of time (2-3 years).It is not likely that these R01s will be renewed. Eligible Institutions/Organizations. Public/State Controlled Institution of Higher Education; Private Institution of Higher Education; Nonprofit with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Nonprofit without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institution of Higher Education); Small Business; For-Profit Organization (Other than Small Business); Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity (Foreign Organization). Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PDs/PIs). Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution/organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. Number of Applications. Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct. Renewals and Resubmissions. Applicants may submit a resubmission application, but such application must include an Introduction addressing the previous peer review critique (Summary Statement). Number of PDs/PIs. More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application. Application Materials. See Section IV.1 for application materials. General Information. For general information on SF424 (R&R) Application and Electronic Submission, see these Web sites: SF424 (R&R) Application and Electronic Submission Information: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/424/index.htm General information on Electronic Submission of Grant Applications: http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/ Hearing Impaired. Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088. Technical Assistance Workshop.A technical assistance workshop is planned on October 18 to answer questions about this FOA.Participants can attend the meeting in person at the Natcher Auditorium on the NIH Campus or can participate via a videocast.Registration for the workshop and additional information can be found at http://www.nbirn.net . Special Submission/Receipt Date(s):January 18, 2008, September 18, 2008, January 21, 2009, and September 21, 2009 Special Review convened by CSR.

-Purpose. This FOA intends to support modification and enhancement of existing neuroimaging informatics tools and resources that are hosted or being considered for inclusion into the NIH Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC, www.nitrc.org, public release scheduled for October 2007). Examples of such tools include image segmentation, image registration, image processing pipelines, statistical analysis packages, spatial alignment and normalization algorithms, and data format translators.Resources include well-characterized test datasets, data formats, and databases, among others. The proposed work shall significantly improve the interoperability and adoptability of neuroimaging informatics tools and resources and result in enhanced dissemination, adoption, and evolution of such tools and resources by the broader neuroimaging research community. -Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism and runs in parallel with the NIH Notice NOT-EB-07-006 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-EB-07-006.html) of identical scientific scope that solicits applications under the Administrative Revision (formerly supplement) mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating organizations intend to commit a total of $950,000 to this FOA. The anticipated total number of awards for this FOA is 5-7 per year. Awards issued under this announcement are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. To encourage multidisciplinary , investigator-initiated basic and translational research in developmental pharmacology with particular emphasis on the role of ontogeny on drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors and signaling pathways activity across -Developmental periods from fetal life to adolescence. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism.

-Purpose. This FOA solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/organizations proposing exceptionally innovative research on novel hypotheses or difficult problems, solutions to which would have an extremely high impact in biomedical or biobehavioral research that is germane to the mission of one or more of the participating NIH Institutes. This FOA does not support pilot projects, i.e., projects of limited scope that are designed primarily to generate data that will enable the PI to seek other funding opportunities. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. -Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NIGMS intends to commit $5 million in FY2008 to fund 13-17 applications submitted in response to this FOA. NINDS, NIMH, and NIDA intend to commit an additional $1.5 million, $1 million, and $500,000, respectively. NIAID intends to commit up to $400,000 to fund one application. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

-Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the central and peripheral nervous systems. In fiscal year 2008, the Blueprint is emphasizing neural development. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits applications directed toward the discovery of novel and/or improved means for precise spatiotemporal analysis or manipulation of circuit assembly in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. For the purposes of this FOA, neural circuit development is defined as processes occurring during prenatal and postnatal development (through adolescence) that begin with axon and dendrite formation and continue through axon guidance and pathfinding, myelination, synapse formation and synapse refinement. Tools and technologies for the study of invertebrates, vertebrates and/or humans are acceptable if the resulting resources will accelerate research in the area of neural circuit development. -Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) award mechanism.