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The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR), serving as the lead Institutes for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pain Research Consortium, together with the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), and the Office of Research on Women"s Health (ORWH), encourage investigator-initiated research project grant applications to study mechanisms underlying analgesic response and pain to advance the development of novel pain interventions, treatments and management strategies. The purpose of this New Directions in Pain Research: I program announcement (PA) is to inform the scientific community of broad, shared interests in pain research encompassing the various components of the NIH, and to stimulate and foster a wide range of basic, translational and patient-oriented clinical studies on pain. Applications are particularly encouraged to study pain throughout the lifespan from the perspectives of molecular genetics, transcriptional controls, signal transduction, including cellular/molecular mechanisms, innovative imaging technologies, plasticity and from hormonal or gender influences. The pain experience needs to be examined at all levels of analysis from the gene, molecule, cell, tissue, and organ, to the individual, family and community, with the ultimate goal of developing new insights into pain intervention, treatment and management.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite investigator-initiated research grant applications that address the potential role of the central nervous system (CNS) as a reservoir for HIV. HIV can penetrate the CNS, and a subset of HIV-infected individuals develop motor and/or cognitive impairments to varying degrees. The mechanisms responsible for this CNS dysfunction are not well known. Direct injury by the virus or viral components and the abnormal secretion of cytokines likely damage nervous system cells. It is assumed that halting HIV replication and/or elimination of virus would prevent CNS damage. This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits research applications to study mechanisms of HIV trafficking through the blood brain barrier (BBB), CNS viral localization, control and eradication, and the CNS as a potential virus reservoir. Applications addressing the anti-HIV CNS drug discovery, drug delivery and pharmacology are especially encouraged.

The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to solicit applications for multidisciplinary, methodologically rigorous programs of neuroscience research that will use advanced techniques for statistical and molecular genetic analysis in human and animal populations to elucidate the genetic basis of complex behaviors. This PA is issued in response to the growing evidence that complex behaviors of relevance to human health and disease show varying degrees of genetic influence. Examples include complex behaviors associated with memory, activity level, harm avoidance, reward dependence, emotionality, contextual fear conditioning, sensorimotor gating, drug seeking, pain perception and reactivity, and analgesic response. The goals of this PA are to quantify genetic and environmental effects and gene-environment interactions and to locate and characterize genes affecting complex behaviors in humans and animals.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) invite applications for support of research that will increase our knowledge of the genetic, molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of radiation-induced cell injury and recovery, and the sensitizing and protective mechanisms in the central nervous system under radiation treatment conditions for brain tumors. The intent of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage investigator-initiated applications to study tumor and normal brain cell injury and repair mechanisms induced by brain tumor radiotherapy including stereotactic radiosurgery procedures such as the Gamma Knife, altered fractionation and/or radioenhancing agents, using state-of-the-art neurobiological and neuroimaging approaches.

The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to solicit applications as part of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative to increase our support of the zebrafish as an animal model for research. This PA is intended to continue stimulation of a trans-NIH initiative that was started with RFA: DK-98-006, entitled "Genomic Resources for the Zebrafish," NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, Vol. 26, No. 39, December 5, 1997.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), in collaboration with the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and the Office of Research on Minority Health (ORMH), invites applications for Specialized Neuroscience Research Programs at Minority Institutions (SNRP) awards. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to augment and strengthen the research capabilities of faculty, students, and fellows at minority institutions by supporting the development of new, and/or the enhancement of ongoing, basic and clinical neuroscience research projects and programs.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on Women"s Health (ORWH) invite investigator-initiated research applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including asthma and allergy, graft failure in solid organ and stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, this Request for Applications (RFA) focuses on the utilization of patients and patient materials from such trials for the evaluation of immunologic and other relevant parameters in order to study the mechanisms underlying the intervention, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, surrogate markers of disease activity and therapeutic effect, and mechanisms of human immunologic function. The parent or core clinical trial must have independent financial support and will NOT receive support under this RFA. Mechanistic studies in clinical trials supported by industry are particularly encouraged but clinical trials supported by any source, public or private, are eligible.

The purpose of the Mentored Patient-oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) is to support the career development of investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patient-oriented research. This mechanism provides support for a period of supervised study and research for clinically trained professionals who have the potential to develop into productive, clinical investigators focussing on patient-oriented research.

The purpose of the Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) is to provide support for clinicians to allow them protected time to devote to patient-oriented research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical investigators. The target candidates are outstanding clinical scientists engaged in patient-oriented research who are within 15 years of their specialty training, who can demonstrate the need for a period of intensive research focus as a means of enhancing their clinical research careers, and who are committed to mentoring the next generation of clinical investigators focussing on patient-oriented research. The award is intended to further the research and mentoring endeavors of outstanding patient-oriented investigators, enable them to expand their potential to make significant contributions to their field of patient-oriented research, and to act as mentors for beginning clinicians.

The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage submission of new research project grant (R01) and exploratory/developmental research grant (R21) applications to develop innovative technologies, methodologies, or instrumentation for the study of the biology of the brain. Research is solicited that will explore new approaches, test imaginative new ideas, and challenge existing paradigms in technologies to study the development, structure, function, and aging of the brain in both human and animal models. Also solicited is research that will develop significant enhancements to existing technologies important to neuroscience, and research that will translate a scientific concept into the basis for a future technology that may advance understanding of important neuroscience research problems. It is emphasized that the research solicited can include tools and approaches that relate to any and all aspects of neuroscience.