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The overall goal of this initiative is to invite qualified researchers to submit new research grant applications to conduct mechanistic studies using patients, patient materials or information from multi-site pediatric drug trials sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) encourage investigator-initiated research grant applications of therapeutic and pathogenic approaches for the muscular dystrophies. Responses to this program announcement may include studies in appropriate animal models or preclinical or clinical studies in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), myotonic dystrophy (DM), congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EMD), or other forms of muscular dystrophy.

In July of 2000 it was announced that the NIH would set aside $50 million over five years to support research on new ways to treat Alzheimer's disease, an ongoing commitment, by targeting the production of disease-associated processes, such as formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with a special emphasis on the development of a vaccine to prevent the disease. This RFA is intended to assist in the development of immunological preventive and treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. As part of the overall initiative, several related program announcements, with set-asides, are also being developed.

Participating Institutes and Centers (ICs) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite applications for R01 awards to support Bioengineering Research Partnerships (BRPs) for basic multidisciplinary research addressing important biological or medical research problems. A BRP is a multidisciplinary research team applying an integrative, systems approach to develop knowledge and/or methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, or treat disease or to understand health and behavior. The partnership must include appropriate bioengineering expertise in combination with basic and/or clinical investigators. A BRP may propose discovery-driven, developmental, non-hypothesis-driven, design-directed, or hypothesis-driven research at universities, national laboratories, medical schools, large or small businesses, or other public and private entities.

The National Gene Vector Laboratories (NGVL) were established in 1995 to produce clinical grade vectors for human gene transfer protocols. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to continue the support of the NGVL to produce and distribute such vectors and to perform related toxicology studies for Phase I and II human clinical gene transfer protocols.

This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits applications to study the development or refinement of behavioral, pharmacological or other innovative treatment interventions for individuals with autism or other autism-spectrum disorders.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Office of AIDS Research (OAR) invite applications for Specialized Neuroscience Research Programs (SNRP) on Health Disparity: HIV and the Nervous System. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to augment and strengthen the research capabilities of faculty, students, and fellows at minority institutions by supporting the development of new, and/or the enhancement of ongoing basic and clinical neuro-AIDS related research projects and programs. These awards will be made to support individuals at minority institutions who collaborate with one or more established NIH supported investigators at research intensive organizations. Applications submitted in response to this RFA should be focused on research related to the neurological complications of HIV infection.

The Cellular Hematology Scientific Research Group, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, NHLBI, the Hematology Program, Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, NIDDK, and the Repair and Plasticity Program, NINDS announce the availability of a Request for Applications (RFA) on the above subject. The objective of this initiative is to promote the thorough exploration and characterization of stem cell plasticity in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissue. Research efforts are needed to test stem cell plasticity in a rigorous manner. It is of particular importance to characterize cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the capacity of adult stem cells with hematopoietic potential to express other potentials and precursor cells of adult non-hematopoietic tissues to express hematopoietic potential. Other areas of high interest include the ability of stem cells from non-neuronal tissues to differentiate along neuronal and glial lineages.

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite exploratory and developmental research grant applications (R21) that will broaden the base of inquiry on Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite investigator-initiated research applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to, asthma and allergy, graft failure in solid organ, tissue, cell and stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, this Request for Applications (RFA) is a continuation and modification of RFA AI-00-005. It focuses on the inclusion of patients and utilization of patient samples for the evaluation of immunologic and other relevant parameters to facilitate the study and definition of immunological mechanisms underlying the intervention, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, surrogate/biomarkers markers of disease activity and therapeutic effect, and mechanisms of human immunologic function. The parent or core clinical trial must have independent financial support and will NOT receive support under this RFA. Proposed mechanistic studies associated with clinical trials supported by industry are particularly encouraged but clinical trials supported by any source, public or private, are eligible.