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Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) issued by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development solicits investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of Xenopus as a vertebrate model for biomedical research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the Xenopus research community to advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development, organogenesis, and in cell biological processes such as cell division, signaling and migration. In addition, applications will be welcomed that in Xenopus utilize recently developed genetic and genomic tools or resources to advance these same goals particularly when these projects employ tools that have not previously been made use of in Xenopus research. Applications for R21 awards should describe projects distinct from those supported through the traditional R01 mechanism. For example, long-term projects, or projects designed to increase knowledge in a well-established area, will not be considered for R21 awards. Applications submitted under this mechanism should be exploratory and novel. These studies should break new ground or extend previous discoveries toward new directions or applications. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, NIH Research Project Grant (R01) [PAR-09-240]and NIH Small Research Grant (R03) [PAR-09-242] mechanisms.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is issued as an initiative of the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research. The Neuroscience Blueprint is a collaborative framework through which 16 NIH Institutes, Centers and Offices jointly support neuroscience-related research, with the aim of accelerating discoveries and reducing the burden of nervous system disorders (for further information, see http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/). The overall purpose of this five year Human Connectome Project (HCP) is to develop and share knowledge about the structural and functional connectivity of the human brain. This purpose will be pursued through the following specific efforts: Existing, but cutting-edge, non-invasive imaging technologies will be optimized and combined to acquire structural and functional in vivo data about axonal projections and neural connections from brains of hundreds of healthy adults. Demographic data and data regarding sensory, motor, cognitive, emotional, and social function will also be collected for each subject, as will DNA samples and blood (to establish cell lines). Models to better understand and use these data will be developed. Connectivity patterns will be linked to existing architectonic data. Data and models will be made available to the research community immediately via a user-friendly system to include tools to query, organize, visualize and analyze data. Outreach activities will be conducted to engage and educate the research community about the imaging tools, data, models, and informatics tools. After five years, these specific efforts are expected to deliver: 1) A set of integrated, non-invasive imaging tools to obtain connectivity data from humans in vivo; 2) A high quality and well characterized, quantitative set of human connectivity data linked to behavioral and genetic data as well as to general, existing architectonic data, and associated models, from up to hundreds of healthy adult female and male subjects; and 3) Rapid, user-friendly dissemination of connectivity data, models, and tools to the research community via outreach activities and an informatics platform.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by NICHD, NINDS, and NIBIB, National Institutes of Health, solicits grant applications from institutions/organizations that propose to build research infrastructure for medical rehabilitation. The aim of this FOA is to create a national network of research cores that provide access to collateral expertise in biomedical, behavioral, and/or psychosocial fields that are particularly relevant to medical rehabilitation research. Applicants should propose a program of research resources and collaborative opportunities in a specific content area. This may be accomplished through a combination of didactic interactions (workshops, courses, written material, and websites), consultations, and pilot funding. In addition, the research core may support intramural activities related to technique development, adaptation, and validation. Although examples of relevant expertise and content are provided below, additional areas may be proposed provided they have potential for promoting medical rehabilitation research and improving outcomes for people with disabilities.

Purpose: The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support for promising doctoral candidates who will be performing dissertation research and training in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) during the tenure of the award. Mechanism of Support: This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by participating ICs and the number of F31 fellowships awarded will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes, and the availability of funds.

Purpose: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards individual senior level research training fellowships to experienced scientists who wish to make major changes in the direction of their research careers or who wish to broaden their scientific background by acquiring new research capabilities as independent investigators in research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. Mechanism of Support: This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) uses the Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Postdoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F33). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by participating ICs and the number of F33 award will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, their relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes, and the availability of funds.

Purpose: The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to improve the diversity of the health-related research workforce by supporting the training of predoctoral students from groups that have been shown to be underrepresented. Such candidates include individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, individuals with disabilities, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Detailed eligibility criteria are described in the full announcement. Mechanism of Support: This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by the participating NIH Institutes and Centers, and AHRQ and the number of F31 awards will depend on the scientific merit of applications received, their relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) and AHRQ, and the availability of funds.

Purpose: The purpose of the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards (Kirschstein-NRSA) is to provide support to individuals for combined MD/PhD and other dual doctoral degree training (e.g. DO/PhD, DDS/PhD, AuD/PhD). The participating Institutes award this Kirschstein-NRSA individual fellowship (F30) to qualified applicants with the potential to become productive, independent, highly trained physician-scientists and other clinician-scientists, including patient-oriented researchers in their scientific mission areas. This funding opportunity supports individual predoctoral F30 fellowships with the expectation that these training opportunities will increase the number of future investigators with both clinical knowledge and skills in basic, translational or clinical research. Mechanism of Support: This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism for Individual Predoctoral MD/PhD and other dual-degree Fellows (F30). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by participating ICs and the number of F30 fellowships awarded will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes or Centers (ICs), and the availability of funds.

Purpose: The purpose of this individual postdoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support to promising Fellowship Applicants with the potential to become productive, independent investigators in scientific health-related research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. Mechanism of Support: This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) uses the Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Postdoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F32). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by participating ICs and the number of F32 fellowships awarded will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes or Centers (ICs), and the availability of funds.

The National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Research Education grant is a flexible and specialized mechanism designed to foster the development of neuroscience researchers through creative and innovative educational programs. The overall goal of the NINDS research training and research education programs is to ensure that highly trained scientists will make future advances that lead to a reduction in the burden of neurological disease. These research education grants will create an opportunity for medical residents and fellows to participate in an intensive 9 to 24 months of mentored research education experience during residency and fellowship years. This opportunity will include the necessary research education and training for successful competition for independent mentored research awards and will facilitate the transition from fellow/resident to clinician-scientist. In addition to collection of preliminary data to be used in future applications, participants in the program will develop laboratory research skills and the critical skills necessary to design and conduct research experiments and write competitive grant applications.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) for projects to design and develop advanced tools and technologies for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts that will lead to improved clinical treatment for patients with hydrocephalus. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the STTR (R41/R42) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-09-206, that encourages applications under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) (R43/R44) grant mechanisms. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.