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The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement is to encourage collaborations between the life and physical sciences that: 1) apply a multidisciplinary bioengineering approach to the solution of a biomedical problem; and 2) integrate, optimize, validate, translate or otherwise accelerate the adoption of promising tools, methods, and techniques for a specific research or clinical problem in basic, translational, or clinical science and practice. An application may propose design-directed, developmental, discovery-driven, or hypothesis-driven research and is appropriate for small teams applying an integrative approach to increase our understanding of and solve problems in biological, clinical, or translational science.

This BRAIN Initiative FOA is to further develop molecular tools of high impact that are targetable to brain cell types for the monitoring and manipulation of neural circuits in experimental animals. This FOA is part of the BRAIN Initiative Armamentarium for Brain Cell Access transformative project. This will support iterative improvement of molecular payloads capable of monitoring and manipulating neural cell activity and that can be delivered to specific brain cell types using targeting technologies.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to develop clinical-grade prototypes intended for use as safe, effective, and non-addictive device-based technologies and approaches to treat pain. The goal of the program is to demonstrate treatment using credible neural targets for device-based interventions and/or diagnostics for pain, building upon the latest mechanistic knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of central, spinal, and peripheral pathways involved in pain. Awarded activities will facilitate the translation of new devices up to the stage of readiness for first in human (FIH) clinical trials by overcoming key challenges identified during preliminary proof-of-concept studies. The scope of the program includes technology development and optimization, and studies to prepare for approvals for human use.

*Note to ICs: Please do not join this announcement. Shared Interest must be completed systematically but the Type 4 submission is for NS R37 applications only. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award (R37) provides extended grant support to investigators with a history of exceptional performance and outstanding productivity. The objective of the NINDS Javits Award is to allow Javits awardees to obtain up to seven years of support in two segments: The initial phase of up to four years, and a second phase, providing an additional three years of support. This funding opportunity announcement is specifically for currently funded NINDS Javits recipients to request the second phase of the R37 award.

The NIH INvestigation of Co-occurring conditions across the Lifespan to Understand Down syndromE (INCLUDE) Project seeks to improve health and quality-of-life for individuals with Down syndrome (DS). This Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) announces NIH support for exploratory/developmental grant (R21) applications that are focused on community-based participatory research (CBPR) in DS to address health disparities and that meet programmatic objectives for the INCLUDE Project. Individuals with DS experience greater health disparities than the general population. These disparities in the DS community stem from disparities in healthcare services including receiving preventive services and access to quality care. Although the lifespan of individuals with DS has increased dramatically in the last few decades, the racial disparities in life expectancy are glaring. The median age of survival for Blacks and other racial groups falls way behind that of individuals with DS who are White although the prevalence of DS among all racial groups is about the same. Hence, it is important to understand the social determinants of heath (race, ethnicity, age, geography, and socioeconomic status) that lead to such disparities in the DS population. The Healthy People 2030 initiative [United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2030; https://health.gov/healthypeople] has also added Social Determinants of Health as a new objective to reduce health disparities and increase efforts to improve the health and well-being for all. To fully engage and understand the various factors (social, environmental, economic) contributing to health disparities in those with DS, we encourage collaboration and partnership among DS community members (those with DS, family members, self-advocates, and advocates) as well as various key stakeholders (scientists, clinicians, policy makers, educators) to propose projects that address these issues.

This Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) encourages the translation of the novel neurotechnologies, funded through the Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Initiative and overseen by the NIH Blueprint MedTech program. Academic and Small Business Concerns (SBCs) are encouraged to submit grant applications that propose non-clinical validation for subsequent clinical feasibility studies. Applications supporting the development and translation of groundbreaking neurotechnologies that fit within the mission of the HEAL Initiative are encouraged.

More than 25 million Americans suffer from daily chronic pain, a highly debilitating medical condition that is complex and difficult to manage. In recent decades, there has been an overreliance in the prescription of opioids for chronic pain despite their poor ability to improve function and high addiction liability. This contributed to a significant and alarming epidemic of opioid overdose deaths and addictions. Innovative scientific solutions to develop alternative pain treatment options are thus critically needed. Through targeted research efforts, the NIH HEAL Initiative aims to support the development of safe and effective devices to treat pain with little or no addiction liability. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is designed to support interdisciplinary research teams of multiple PD/PIs to investigate the mechanism of action of pain relief by medical devices with the overall goal of optimizing therapeutic outcomes for FDA-approved or -cleared technologies. Program teams are expected to accomplish goals that require considerable synergy and collaborative interactions. Teams must leverage appropriate multi-disciplinary expertise to develop new principles and methods for experimentation, analysis, and interpretation. Teams are encouraged to consider objectives that will produce major advances in the field of pain relief by medical devices.

This Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) is being issued by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) with participation from multiple NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices (ICOs). This NOSI aims to promote mechanistic research of therapeutic benefits of minor cannabinoids and terpenes in the cannabis plant. Minor cannabinoids are defined as any and all cannabinoids from the cannabis plant other than ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC). Cannabinoids of particular interest include the following: ?8-THC, Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromevarin (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Tetrahydrocannabivarin acid (THCVA), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), carmagerol, cannabicitran, sesquicannabigerol. Terpenes of particular interest include the following: Myrcene, -caryophyllene, Limonene, ? -terpineol, Linalool, ?-phellandrene, ?-pinene, -pinene, ?-terpinene, and ?-humulene. This NOSI intends to support highly innovative basic and/or mechanistic studies in appropriate model organisms and/or human subjects aiming to investigate the impact of minor cannabinoids and terpenes on mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects. Preclinical studies of combinations of minor cannabinoids with terpenes or other natural products that may enhance their therapeutic benefits and/or abate unwanted effects are encouraged.

The purpose of this NOSI is to encourage research grant applications focused on respiratory complications of the muscular dystrophies.

The Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) and participating National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institutes, Centers, and Offices (ICs) are issuing this Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) to solicit applications proposing to strengthen the evidence base for preventive screening services where the evidence is lacking, of poor quality, conflicting, or the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. This NOSI encourages the development and use of innovative and rigorous methods and approaches to close high priority evidence gaps to elevate screening services to a level suitable for a definitive grade or recommendation. The specific research interests of participating NIH ICs are detailed within.