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- The goals of NIH-supported career development programs are to help ensure that a diverse pool of highly trained scientists are available in adequate numbers and in appropriate research areas to address the Nation's biomedical, behavioral, and clinical research needs. - The purpose of the Mentored Patient-Oriented Research (POR) Career Development Award (K23) is to support the career development of investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patient-oriented research.This mechanism provides support for three to five years of supervised study and research for clinically trained professionals who have the potential to develop into productive, clinical investigators focusing on patient-oriented research.Applicants must justify the need for a period of mentored research experience and provide a convincing case that the proposed period of support and career development plan will substantially enhance their careers as independent investigators in patient-oriented research. Clinically trained professionals or individuals with a clinical degree who are interested in further career development in biomedical research that is not patient-oriented should refer to the Mentored Clinical Scientist Career Development (K08) Award (see http://grants.nih.gov/training/careerdevelopmentawards.htm on the NIH web site for details). - The K23 application may be submitted on behalf of the candidate (principal investigator) by any domestic for-profit or non-profit institution/organization, or public or private institution, such as universities, colleges, hospitals and laboratories. Foreign institutions are not eligible to apply. - Candidates must be U.S. citizens or non-citizen nationals, or individuals lawfully admitted for permanent residence, who hold a health-professional doctoral degree or its equivalentand can commit a minimum of 75% of full-time professional effort conducting patient-oriented research and relevant career development activities.Receipt of prior support may impact eligibility. - Awards in response to this program announcement will be for a total project period of three, four or five years and are not renewable. Planning, direction, and execution of the proposed career development program and research project will be the responsibility of the applicant and his/her mentor(s). Grants are not transferable from one principal investigator to another. - The amount funded as salary for a career development award is not uniform for the participating ICs; therefore, the applicant is strongly advised to contact the relevant IC for any distinct guidelines, requirements, and allowable funds (see Section VII). - The total amount to be awarded and the number of anticipated awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received as determined by the peer review process, available funds, and program priorities. - The candidate must possess a research or health professional doctoral degree (or its equivalent) suitable for a productive POR career. - The candidate for this K award may not concurrently apply for nor have an award pending for another NIH career development award. Up to two revisions of an application will be accepted. - Applications must be submitted on or before the receipt dates described at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm. - Special Note:The participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) may have distinctive guidelines, requirements, and funding amounts for this announcement in order to accommodate the career needs of researchers working in fields related to their specific research missions. Candidates are therefore strongly encouraged to contact the staff person in the relevant Institute or Center listed under Section VII prior to preparing an application to discuss issues of eligibility and review the specific provisions of this award - See Section IV.1 for application materials. - Telecommunications for the hearing impaired: TTY 301-451-0088.

The goal of this Request for Applications (RFA) from the Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) and cosponsoring Institutes and Offices (IC) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is to solicit applications that support research on the neuroimmune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and spectrum disorders in diverse groups and across the life span. Applications are encouraged from individuals who are part of multidisciplinary teams of scientists studying different aspects of CFS and its spectrum disorders. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome may be linked to dysregulation of at least two physiologic systems important for the maintenance of homeostasis: the central nervous system (CNS) (including the autonomic sympathetic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis [HPA] ) and the immune system. Several mediators may contribute to dysregulation, including activated immune cells, hormones, neurotransmitters, and others. Stress affects the activities of many of these mediators. Physiologic functions altered by stress and the ability to respond to stress likely play a role in the clinical manifestations of CFS. A variety of internal and external stressors lead to altered signaling in the central nervous and the immune systems. Whereas these changes are likely to contribute to or trigger disease symptomotology, they may obscure the original stressor initiating the event.

- The National Institutes of Health (NIH) invites applications for grants to develop and conduct short-term continuing education programs on laboratory research techniques for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, and to disseminate course materials and instructional experience to the scientific community. The program should include laboratory and didactic experiences to improve the knowledge and skills of biomedical researchers, and to enable them to maintain, characterize, and utilize hESC lines in basic research projects. Programs will be made available to investigators in research areas of interest to all of the Institutes and Centers of the NIH. - The participating Institutes and Centers plan to commit $975,000 in FY2006 to fund 5 to 7 awards. - The NIH Continuing Education Training Grant (T15) mechanism will be used. Allowable costs differ for this mechanism but are listed in Section IV.6, Other Submission Requirements. - Eligible organizations include: For-profit organizations; non-profit organizations; public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories; units of state government; units of local government; eligible agencies of the federal government; foreign institutions; domestic institutions; and faith-based or community-based organizations. - Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and institutional resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to apply for support. Individuals from the underrepresented or disadvantaged groups are always encouraged to apply for NIH opportunities. - While there is normally a limit of one training application, there is no limit on the number of applications that may be submitted to this T15 program provided they are scientifically distinct. - To submit an application, the PHS 398 form and instructions should be used and are available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html in an interactive format. - Telecommunications for the hearing impaired: TTY 301-451-0088.

- The Office of Research Integrity (ORI, DHHS), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR, NIH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS, NIH), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, NIH), the National Cancer Institute (NCI, NIH), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA, NIH), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, DHHS) invite applications to support empirical research on research integrity. Applications must have clear relevance to biomedical, behavioral health sciences, and health services research. Applicants are strongly encouraged to take into consideration problems or issues that have relevance to specific missions of DHHS, AHRQ, or NIH institutes and centers. - Funding for FY is anticipated to be between $1M and $2M. - Funding is anticipated to support 5-10 new R01 awards. Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research may request up to $175,000/year in direct costs for a maximum of two years. Smaller, pilot projects will be considered. - This funding opportunity will use the R01 award mechanism. As an applicant, you will be solely responsible for planning, directing, and executing the proposed project. - Eligible organizations include For profit organizations; Non profit organizations; Public or private institutions such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories; Units of State government; Units of local government; Eligible agencies of the Federal government; Domestic Institutions; Faith-based or community-based organizations; and Units of State and Local Tribal government. - Eligible principle investigators include any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH programs. - Applicants may submit more than one application, provided they are scientifically distinct. - See Section IV.1 for application materials. - Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.

- This RFA invites R01 applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of: immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to: asthma and allergic diseases; graft failure in solid organ, cell, tissue and stem cell transplantation; and chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and immunodeficiency diseases; preventative and therapeutic, vaccines for non-HIV/AIDS infectious diseases, including NIAID Category A, B, and C agents of bioterrorism and emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases. - This Request for Applications (RFA) is a renewal with modifications of RFA-AI-04-001 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-04-001.html). - In order to review and confer awards to grant applications received in response to this RFA in a timely fashion, without delay of the parent clinical trial, applications submitted in response to the RFA will be subject to a hyperaccelerated review/award process. Highly meritorious applications selected for funding under this RFA may receive their awards as early as thirteen weeks after the application receipt date. Holidays and other circumstances may alter this schedule slightly. - The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) intend to commit $1.6 million in Fiscal Year 2006 to fund four to five applications. The total requested project period for an application submitted in response to this RFA may not exceed four years. - Eligible organizations include for-profit or non-profit organizations, public or private institutions (e.g., universities, colleges, hospitals), units of state and local governments, and eligible agencies of the Federal government. Both domestic and foreign institutions are eligible to apply. - Eligible principal investigators include any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are encouraged to apply for NIH programs. - Only under extraordinary circumstances and with the approval of the participating ICs would an applicant be allowed to submit more than one application per fiscal year (October 1 – September 30) as a Principal Investigator. Amended applications will ONLY be accepted for Hyperaccelerated Review/Award if invited by the sponsoring NIH Institutes. - See Section IV.1 for application materials. - Applications must be prepared using the PHS 398 research grant application instructions and forms (rev. 9/2004); The PHS 398 document is available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html in an interactive format. For further assistance contact GrantsInfo, Telephone (301) 435-0714, Email: Grantsinfo@nih.gov. - Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.

This initiative is intended to stimulate the commercial development of novel radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in human brain, and to incorporate pilot or clinical feasibility evaluation in pre-clinical studies, model development, or clinical studies. The NIH institutes listed in this PA are specifically interested in the development of radioligands for molecular targets (e.g., receptors, cell adhesion molecules, intracellular messengers, and disease related proteins) that are of broad interest to the scientific community. These radiotracers will be used for neuroimaging as well as potential biological markers and surrogate endpoints for translational and clinical research, drug discovery and development, and clinical trials. Also appropriate for this PA are applications proposing research and development of new technologies for radiotracer development.

This program announcement (PA) solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications that propose research and development of probes useful in imaging the structure and function of the brain and other parts of the nervous system, with award duration and amounts greater than those routinely allowed under the SBIR/STTR programs. Specifically this PA solicits SBIR/STTR applications that propose research and development of probes that generate signals detectable by one or more imaging modality. Such probes should indicate the structure or function of molecules or subcellular elements of neurons or other cells of the nervous system. Of special interest are applications that propose research and development of novel probes, although significant enhancements of already existing probes are also solicited. Grant applications may propose projects that will result in probes solely intended for use in research or probes that might have clinical utility. It is expected that this initiative will require expertise from a variety of disciplines, including neuroscience, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Moreover, it is anticipated that these types of expertise will be brought together in various combinations in individual proposed projects.

- The National Institutes of Health (NIH) will award Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Short-Term Institutional Research Training Grants (T35) to eligible institutions to develop or enhance research training opportunities for individuals interested in careers in biomedical and behavioral research. Many of the NIH Institutes and Centers use this grant mechanism exclusively to support intensive, short-term research training experiences for students in health professional schools during the summer. In addition, the Short-Term Institutional Research Training Grant may be used to support other types of predoctoral and postdoctoral training in focused, often emerging, scientific areas relevant to the mission of the funding NIH institute or center. - The proposed training must be in either basic, behavioral, or clinical research aspects of the health-related sciences. This program is intended to encourage students to pursue research careers by exposure to and short-term involvement in the health- related sciences. The training should be of sufficient depth to enable the trainees, upon completion of the program, to have a thorough exposure to the principles underlying the conduct of research. - The number of applications funded will vary and depend upon the number of meritorious applications determined by the official review process. Although NRSA short-term institutional training grants are an NIH-wide grant mechanism, not all NIH institutes and centers support short-term training. Therefore, all applicants are strongly encouraged to contact the institute's representative (listed below in Section VII) before preparing an application. Such contact will help ensure that the applicant will obtain information about the NIH institute's interest and supplemental instructions concerning NRSA short-term institutional training grants. - Awards for T35 institutional training grants may be for project periods up to five years in duration. Trainees selected for short-term training are required to pursue research training for 2-3 months on a full-time basis, devoting at least 40 hours per week to the program. More information may be found in Section III, 3. - Only domestic, non-profit, private or public institutions which have a high- quality research program in the area proposed, as well as sufficient staff and facilities may apply for this research training program. - Eligible Program Directors are basic and clinical researchers with skills, knowledge, successful past training records, and available resources to conduct the proposed research training program. - Only one application per application receipt date is appropriate. - Application forms (PHS 398) and NRSA instructions are available at: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html in an interactive format. For further assistance contact Grants Info, Telephone (301) 435-0714, Email: GrantsInfo@nih.gov - Telecommunications for the hearing impaired: TTY (301) 451-0088

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) have entered into a public-private partnership with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Health Research Board, Ireland (HRB), Cure Autism Now (CAN), the National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR), Autism Speaks and the FRAXA Research Foundation (FRAXA) to jointly sponsor this Program Announcement (PA), which is aimed at characterizing, understanding and treating etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms common to both Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism (including autism spectrum disorders such as Rett syndrome). Between 2.5 percent and 6 percent of individuals with autistic feature have FXS, and approximately 15 percent to 25 percent of children with FXS have autism. An additional 50 percent to 90 percent of children with FXS exhibit some symptoms and features associated with autism, including poor eye contact, hand flapping, hand biting, speech perseveration and other language abnormalities and problems, as well as tactile defensiveness, mental retardation in the moderate to severe range, developmental delay, sensory hyperarousal, and social anxiety with mood liability. Researchers have argued that autism and autistic symptoms in FXS reflect a common etiological or pathophysiological pathway underlying the two conditions. Ongoing basic neuroscience research on FXS in model systems like the mouse and fly are providing a wealth of information at multiple levels – subcellular, cellular, and intercellular networks or circuits – to delineate the neurobiology of this disorder. These studies should dissect components of the neurobiology of autism, especially in patients with both FXS and autism, and identify novel targets for new drugs to treat both disorders. Applications submitted in response to this PA should focus on a topic related to understanding neural pathways, circuits, systems and molecules that play a role in the etiology or pathophysiology of FXS and may be implicated in autism (including autism spectrum disorders such as Rett syndrome). Studies emphasizing the identification of drug targets for new therapeutic drugs to treat FXS and autism are particularly encouraged. Research projects supported under this PA that include human subjects should include children affected with both FXS and autism and animal studies may include several models systems, e.g., mouse, fly and zebrafish. Basic neuroscience research in model systems should focus on both FXS and autism. Research more exclusively focused on autism that would not be covered under this PA may be submitted under PA-04-085 (see http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-04-085.html).

- This Program Announcement (PA) solicits applications for collaborative research projects, involving investigators in developed and developing countries, focusing on brain disorders throughout life relevant to developing nations. The collaborative research programs are expected to contribute to the long-term goal of building sustainable research capacity in developing countries to address neurological/ neurodevelopmental (including sensory, motor, cognitive and behavioral) function and impairment throughout life. - R21 planning grants will be accepted from all eligible applicants (please refer to Section III “Eligibility Information”). - R01 grant applications under this PA may ONLY be submitted by “Brain Disorders in the Developing World” R21 planning grant awardees from either this program announcement or from RFA-TW-03-007, “Brain Disorders in the Developing World: Research Across the Life-Span”, which was released November 7, 2002 for competition in 2003 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-TW-03-007.htm). - New applicants to the “Brain Disorders in the Developing World: Research Across the Lifespan” initiative (including those who applied under RFA TW-03- 007 or the current PA but were unsuccessful) may submit applications for two-year planning/development grants using the R21 grant mechanism. The R21 grant provides support to initiate and carry out preliminary studies and training, and to organize, plan, prepare, and assemble an application for a more comprehensive R01 grant. - The R01 application must build on, and further develop, the pilot research, resources and collaborations developed in the R21 and must be relevant to the interests, stated in this PA, of one of the participating organizations or NIH ICs, other than FIC. - Budget: R21 applicants may request up to $100,000 per year, direct costs, for up to 2 years. R01 applicants may request support for up to five years. Direct costs do not include any consortium/contractual Facilities and Administrative costs. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism, numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. - Eligible organizations include: for-profit and non-profit organizations; public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals (including Veterans' Administration Hospitals), and laboratories; units of state and local governments; domestic or foreign institutions/organizations; and faith-based or community-based organizations. (See the “Eligible Institutions” section for exceptions). - Applications (both R21 and R01) must be submitted as collaborations between developed and developing country investigators/ institutions. For operational and analytic purposes, the World Bank's main criterion for classifying economies, gross national income (GNI), will be employed for this PA to determine country eligibility. (See Section III, “Eligibility Information”, for definitions and further requirements). - Only one application may be submitted by the same Principal Investigator or involve the same Co-Investigator per submission date. - See Section IV.1 for application materials. - Please use the PHS 398 to apply. The PHS 398 is available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html in an interactive format. - Telecommunications for the hearing impaired is available at: TTY 301-451-0088.