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The National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) are jointly sponsoring a new neuroscience predoctoral research training program. The aim of the program is to encourage and support broad training in the neurosciences by offering institutions a single comprehensive training grant. Support through the program is focused on the early years of training before full-time thesis research is started. Trainees are expected to be participants in a formal predoctoral curriculum offering broad and fundamental training in the neurosciences. For institutions that presently have multiple training grants with predoctoral trainees in the neurosciences, predoctoral training positions can now be consolidated into a single training grant jointly sponsored by the participating NIH Institutes. Applications will be also accepted from institutions without current training grant support . Existing training grants that have postdoctoral positions may continue, less any predoctoral positions moved to the consolidated application. Depending on the policies of the awarding NIH Institute, other training grants at the applicant institution may continue to support predoctoral trainees involved in thesis research (contact specific NIH Institute staff listed under INQUIRIES).

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), invites applications for support of research that will increase our knowledge of the genetic, molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of DNA injury and repair mechanisms in the nervous system after ischemic and traumatic injury, and in neurodegenerative disorders.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke announces the reissuance of a program announcement (PA) (originally published December 20, 1991) to notify the scientific community of its continued interest in the submission of research grant applications concerning neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

It is generally agreed that the presence of HIV within the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to the development of neurobehavioral impairments and neurologic syndromes that occur in a subset of HIV-infected individuals. However, a direct link between the presence of virus and HIV-induced motor/cognitive impairments has yet to be elucidated. This program announcement solicits research applications to (1) identify effective ways to quantitate viral load within the CNS during life, (2) correlate the quantity of virus within the CNS to the onset and course of neurobehavioral and neurological changes, (3) identify specific biochemical or neurochemical alterations in neuronal function as a consequence of the presence of virus either directly or indirectly, and (4) identify and test drugs that prevent or reverse the neuronal dysfunction. Collaborations between neuroscientists and immunologists/virologists are encouraged but not required. Fellowships are also solicited through this program announcement to encourage a broader range of scientists to conduct research in this field.

The principal objective of this Program Announcement (PA) is to stimulate research on the basic mechanisms of neuronal cell death and injury as they relate to neurodegenerative disorders. The results of these investigations are expected to help in elucidating the pathogenesis of these diseases.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR), and the Office of Research on Women"s Health (ORWH) invite applications for basic studies that will increase knowledge of the mechanisms by which gender influences the development of autoimmune disease and the regulation of the immune response in individuals with these diseases. Although it is clear that autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women, the reasons for this are not clear. Research into the basic mechanisms by which sex hormones or non-hormonal gender differences affect the immune response and protect from or contribute to a break in self tolerance should allow for the development of improved therapeutic and preventive strategies for autoimmune disease.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) invite applications for basic and preclinical studies to increase knowledge of the role of microbes in the development and regulation of chronic pathologic immune responses, including autoimmune diseases, and to identify the genetic factors that increase or decrease the susceptibility to pathogen-induced immune disease. Exploitation of animal models of microbe-induced autoimmune disease to molecularly dissect the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune disease would be relevant. The knowledge developed through research into the mechanisms by which microbes break tolerance to self antigens should provide information about the underlying basis of autoimmunity.

In response to new basic and clinical developments in Parkinson"s disease research and the interest of related voluntary organizations, the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Health in 1995 asked the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) to organize a conference to assess the progress made in Parkinson"s disease research, to identify new opportunities and goals, and to plan a research agenda to coordinate and strengthen the cooperative activities of the several NIH institutes supporting research relevant to this disorder. This meeting was held in August 1995 and, with NINDS, was jointly sponsored by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the National Institute of Mental Health. For fiscal year 1996 the Senate Appropriations Committee urged the NINDS to expand its initiatives in areas of promise identified at the August Parkinson"s research conference. This Program Announcement (PA) is one of several responses to Congressional interest in this subject.

This Program Announcement (PA) replaces PA-93-068. The purpose of this initiative is to encourage and support investigator-initiated, neuroinformatics research that will lead to new digital tools for all domains of brain and behavioral research. The advanced information technologies resulting from this research are expected to be put to wide use by the brain and behavioral science community. Therefore, the approaches and technologies studied under the Human Brain Project will be generalizable, scalable, and extensible, and will use sophisticated, powerful computational resources.

The Office on AIDS, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), supports investigations directed at developing effective strategies to prevent or reduce behaviors that place individuals at risk for HIV infection and fosters research to enhance the understanding of the profound impact of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection on the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) supports research on neurological aspects of HIV infection (neuro-AIDS) in adults and children.