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The purpose of the The Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative Fellows (F32) program is to enhance the research training of promising postdoctorates, early in their postdoctoral training period, who have the potential to become productive investigators in research areas that will advance the goals of the BRAIN Initiative. Applications are encouraged in any research area that is aligned with the BRAIN Initiative, including neuroethics. Applicants are expected to propose research training in an area that clearly complements their predoctoral research. Formal training in analytical tools appropriate for the proposed research is expected to be an integral component of the research training plan. In order to maximize the training potential of the F32 award, this program encourages applications from individuals who have not yet completed their terminal doctoral degree and who expect to do so within 12 months of the application due date. On the application due date, candidates may not have completed more than 12 months of postdoctoral training.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites research grant applications studying mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in myeloid cells and strategies to target this reservoir in the central nervous system. Basic and translational research in domestic and international settings are of interest. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged but not required.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites research grant applications studying mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in myeloid cells and strategies to target this reservoir in the central nervous system. Basic and translational research in domestic and international settings are of interest. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged but not required. RFA-MH-20-701uses the R01 grant mechanism whileRFA-MH-20-702uses the R21 mechanism. High risk/high payoff projects that lack preliminary data or utilize existing data may be most appropriate for the R21 mechanism, while applicants with preliminary data may wish to apply using the R01 mechanism.

This FOA is related to the transformative project, "A Cell Type-Specific Armamentarium for Understanding Brain Function and Dysfunction," described in the "The BRAIN Initiative 2.0: From Cells to Circuits, Toward Cures" report of the Advisory Committee to the NIH Director BRAIN Initiative Working Group 2.0.

Reissue of RFA-NS-20-010: The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support preclinical optimization and development of safe, effective, and non-addictive small molecule and biologic therapeutics to treat pain. The goal of the program is to accelerate the optimization and development of promising small molecule and biologic hits/leads towards clinical trials. Applicants must have a promising hit/lead, robust biological rationale for the intended approach, and identified assays for optimization of the agent. The scope of this program includes optimization and early development activities, IND-enabling studies, and assembly of Investigational New Drug (IND) application. This is a milestone-driven phased cooperative agreement program involving participation of NIH program staff in the development of the project plan and monitoring of research progress.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support preclinical optimization and development of safe, effective, and non-addictive small molecule and biologic therapeutics to treat pain. The goal of the program is to accelerate the optimization and development of promising small molecule and biologic hits/leads to Phase I clinical trials and readiness for the Early Phase Pain Investigation Clinical Network (EPPIC-Net) or other Phase II clinical studies. Applicants must have a promising biologic or small molecule hit/lead, robust biological rationale for the intended approach, and identified assays for optimization of the agent. The scope of this program includes optimization and early development activities, IND-enabling studies, development of a pharmacodynamic/target engagement biomarker, assembly and filing of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application and Phase I clinical testing. This is a milestone-driven phased cooperative agreement program involving participation of NIH program staff in the development of the project plan and monitoring of research progress.

This Notice of Special Interest encourages administrative supplements for the NINDS Research Education Program for Residents and Fellows in Neurology, Neurosurgery, Neuropathology, Neuroradiology and Emergency Medicine (R25, PAR-13-384 and subsequent reissuances)

The participating Institutes and Centers (ICs) are inviting applications to expand existing awards that are not currently focused on Alzheimers disease and its related dementias - Frontotemporal dementia, Lewy Body dementia, Vascular Cognitive Impairment with Dementia and multiple etiology dementias - to allow the research to develop such a focus.

Purpose The purpose of this Notice is to announce an interest in research addressing patients with emergency medical conditions, including trauma. Background Over 145 million people are seen in emergency departments across the US. Emergency departments are the source of twelve million admissions, or 35% of all hospital admissions and 14% of all outpatient visits. This includes over 27 million children under the age of 15, 23 million adults over the age of 65 and over 42 million visits for injuries and major trauma. When they learn of a patient's new symptoms, primary care providers often use the emergency department to obtain rapid diagnostic tests and a treatment plan. Emergency Departments are the only component of the country's healthcare system that is accessible at any time of the day or night, and by law they provide treatment regardless of the ability to pay. Rapid assessment and treatment within the first minutes or hours after the onset of illness plays a major role in determining both the trajectory of recovery and future healthcare costs. Research in the emergency setting offers a unique opportunity to improve not only the treatment of acute life-threatening disorders, but also a spectrum of common disorders that encompass a considerable burden of illness and account for a major component of health care costs.

The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a collaborative framework through which 14 NIH Institutes, Centers and Offices jointly support neuroscience related research, with the aim of accelerating discoveries and reducing the burden of nervous system disorders (for further information, see https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/). The goal of this FOA is to enhance our fundamental understanding of interoception with a specific focus on dissecting neural circuits connecting peripheral organs/tissues with the central nervous system via peripheral ganglia. For this FOA, interoception science includes studies of the processes by which an organism senses, interprets, integrates, and regulates signals originating from within itself. The FOA encourages projects that combine diverse expertise and use innovative approaches to delineate interoceptive mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, circuitry, functional, and/or behavioral levels. Outcomes of this research will lay a critical foundation for future translational and clinical research on interoception as well as its roles in nervous system disorders. Studies of interoceptive neural circuits exclusively within the central nervous system may consider seeking for BRAIN INITIATIVE funding opportunities.