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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is committed to investigating the efficacy of acupuncture for treating or preventing disease and accompanying symptoms by supporting well-designed, well-executed, randomized clinical trials (RCT). Before proceeding to a full-scale RCT, pilot clinical studies are often required. In the present program announcement (PA), the NIH announces its interest in supporting pilot studies to establish the methodological feasibility and strengthen the scientific rationale for proceeding to full-scale RCTs on the use of acupuncture to prevent, manage, or treat various symptoms/disorders. The emphasis of these pilot trials should be placed on the development of appropriate study design rather than on attempts to complete an insufficiently powered RCT. For the purposes of this PA, trials of acupuncture incorporating moxibustion or herbal medicine will not be considered. Under this PA, applications will be accepted on a single application receipt date and reviewed by a Special Emphasis Panel (SEP) administered through the Center for Scientific Review (CSR).

The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) are interested in facilitating investigator-initiated research designed to deal with symptoms associated with chronic neurological conditions including stroke, epilepsy, brain and spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson"s disease. The overall goals are to manage symptoms effectively, to prevent secondary effects of the condition when possible, to maximize the health potential, and to improve the health-related quality of life for patients, caregivers, and families.

The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to solicit applications for innovative research projects that will develop new quantitative methods for mapping sets of genes that influence susceptibility to complex human diseases. The specific objectives to be accomplished are: (1) the development of powerful and flexible statistical methods that will enable researchers to localize and map multiple disease susceptibility genes, and (2) the implementation of these new, sophisticated methods in highly efficient and well-documented computer programs widely disseminated for use by a broad range of biomedical researchers.

The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to solicit applications as part of an effort to create resources that will facilitate the mapping and positional cloning of genes in the zebrafish. The specific objectives to be accomplished are: (1) the generation of a genetic map with a resolution of 0.3 cM or better, (2) the development of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) both from existing libraries and also from new cDNA libraries from specific developmental time points and tissues generated under this RFA, and (3) creation of a physical (radiation hybrid) map of the zebrafish genome.

In response to recent research progress and opportunity, and in recognition of Congressional interest to intensify and to expand basic and clinical research in Parkinson"s Disease, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites qualified investigators to submit grant applications for the establishment of NINDS Parkinson"s Disease Research Centers of Excellence. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to encourage additional research opportunities and discoveries that will lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of patients with Parkinson"s Disease, based on a better understanding of the fundamental cause(s) of the disease. It is expected that these Centers will foster an environment that will enhance the research effectiveness of investigators in a multi-disciplinary setting, utilizing specialized methods relevant to the study of Parkinson"s Disease.

The Institutes listed above invite investigator-initiated research grant applications to study the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia results in the late complications of diabetes and to apply this information to the development of interventions to prevent, limit or reverse complications associated with type 1 diabetes. The Request for Applications (RFA) addresses pathogenic mechanisms common to the spectrum of complications of diabetes, as well as research directed specifically at diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy, and macrovascular and oral complications. A complementary RFA (DK-98-001) is focused on mechanisms, genetic determinants and interventions for diabetic nephropathy. A particular area of scientific opportunity, which is emphasized in this RFA, is the role of growth factors in the pathogenesis and/or therapy of complications of diabetes. The intent of this RFA is to intensify investigator-initiated research, to attract new investigators to the field and to enhance interdisciplinary approaches to research in these areas.

The above named organizations invite applications for a four year research grant program to test interventions designed to achieve long-term health behavior change. The health behaviors of interest-- tobacco use, insufficient exercise, poor diet, and alcohol abuse--are among the top ten causes for morbidity and premature mortality. This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits intervention studies aimed at either comparing alternative theories related to mechanisms involved in behavior change, or assessing the utility of a particular theoretical model for changing two or more health-related behaviors, rather than simply demonstrating the efficacy of a single behavior change program.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK),the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Office of Research on Women"s Health (ORWH) invite applications for highly focused basic research integrated with the WOMEN"S INTERAGENCY HIV STUDY (WIHS) scope and structure. Applications are expected to utilize the WIHS study population, a large cohort of HIV-infected women in the U.S., to formulate specific hypotheses concerning HIV/AIDS pathogenesis in women. The WIHS cohort is followed in five large metropolitan areas (New York, Washington DC, Chicago, Los Angeles and San Francisco).

The NINDS seeks to fund high quality clinical trials to evaluate treatments for neurological disorders. The NINDS Clinical Trial Planning Grant allows for early peer review of the rationale and design for clinical trials of treatments for neurological disorders and provides support for the development of a detailed clinical trial research plan, including a complete manual of operations and procedures.

The NINDS is committed to identifying effective treatments for neurological disorders by supporting well-executed clinical trials. Before proceeding to a full-scale clinical trial, pilot clinical studies are often required. The NINDS announces its interest in supporting pilot studies required to obtain necessary information to clearly establish the clinical basis for proceeding to a full-scale trial. The purpose of NINDS Pilot Clinical Trial Grant For Neurological Disease is to obtain preliminary data and conduct studies to support the rationale for a subsequent full-scale clinical trial of an intervention to treat or prevent neurological disease.