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Purpose. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite new and renewal applications from institutions to participate in the HLA Region Genomics in Immune-Mediated Diseases Consortium (HLAGC), a cooperative research group whose goals are to define the association between variations in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genetic regions and immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmune diseases, primary immunodeficiencies, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and graft rejection in organ, tissue, and cell transplantation. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the single project U01 and multi-project U19 cooperative agreement grant mechanisms. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NIAID and NINDS anticipate that approximately $3.525 million in total costs will be available in FY 2010 to fund four to five new or renewal U01 and/or U19 awards in response to this FOA. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) issued by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Trans-NIH Xenopus Working Group (TXWG) solicits investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit and enhance the power of Xenopus as a vertebrate model for biomedical research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the Xenopus research community to advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development, organogenesis, and in cell biological processes such as cell division, signaling and migration. In addition, applications will be welcomed that utilize recently developed genetic and genomic tools or resources to advance these same goals particularly when these projects employ tools that have not previously been made use of in Xenopus research. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope that encourages applications under the NIH Small Research Grant (R03) [PAR-09-242] and the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) [PAR-09-241] grant mechanisms.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) issued by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development solicits investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of Xenopus as a vertebrate model for biomedical research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the Xenopus research community to advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development, organogenesis, and in cell biological processes such as cell division, signaling and migration. In addition, applications will be welcomed that in Xenopus utilize recently developed genetic and genomic tools or resources to advance these same goals particularly when these projects employ tools that have not previously been made use of in Xenopus research. Applications for R21 awards should describe projects distinct from those supported through the traditional R01 mechanism. For example, long-term projects, or projects designed to increase knowledge in a well-established area, will not be considered for R21 awards. Applications submitted under this mechanism should be exploratory and novel. These studies should break new ground or extend previous discoveries toward new directions or applications. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, NIH Research Project Grant (R01) [PAR-09-240]and NIH Small Research Grant (R03) [PAR-09-242] mechanisms.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) issued by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the Trans-NIH Xenopus Working Group (TXWG) solicits investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit and enhance the power of Xenopus as a vertebrate model for biomedical research. Applications are welcome proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the Xenopus research community to advance the detection and characterization of genes, pathways, and phenotypes of interest in development, organogenesis, and in cell biological processes such as cell division, signaling and migration. In addition, applications will be welcomed that utilize recently developed genetic and genomic tools or resources to advance these same goals particularly when these projects employ tools that have not previously been made use of in Xenopus research. The R03 grant mechanism supports different types of projects including pilot and feasibility studies; secondary analysis of existing data; small, self-contained research projects; development of research methodology; and development of new research technology. The R03 is intended to support small research projects that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Small Research Grant (R03) award mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, [PAR-09-241] and [PAR-09-240], that solicit applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) and NIH Research Project Grant (R01) mechanisms, respectively.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is issued as an initiative of the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research. The Neuroscience Blueprint is a collaborative framework through which 16 NIH Institutes, Centers and Offices jointly support neuroscience-related research, with the aim of accelerating discoveries and reducing the burden of nervous system disorders (for further information, see http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/). The overall purpose of this five year Human Connectome Project (HCP) is to develop and share knowledge about the structural and functional connectivity of the human brain. This purpose will be pursued through the following specific efforts: Existing, but cutting-edge, non-invasive imaging technologies will be optimized and combined to acquire structural and functional in vivo data about axonal projections and neural connections from brains of hundreds of healthy adults. Demographic data and data regarding sensory, motor, cognitive, emotional, and social function will also be collected for each subject, as will DNA samples and blood (to establish cell lines). Models to better understand and use these data will be developed. Connectivity patterns will be linked to existing architectonic data. Data and models will be made available to the research community immediately via a user-friendly system to include tools to query, organize, visualize and analyze data. Outreach activities will be conducted to engage and educate the research community about the imaging tools, data, models, and informatics tools. After five years, these specific efforts are expected to deliver: 1) A set of integrated, non-invasive imaging tools to obtain connectivity data from humans in vivo; 2) A high quality and well characterized, quantitative set of human connectivity data linked to behavioral and genetic data as well as to general, existing architectonic data, and associated models, from up to hundreds of healthy adult female and male subjects; and 3) Rapid, user-friendly dissemination of connectivity data, models, and tools to the research community via outreach activities and an informatics platform.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by NICHD, NINDS, and NIBIB, National Institutes of Health, solicits grant applications from institutions/organizations that propose to build research infrastructure for medical rehabilitation. The aim of this FOA is to create a national network of research cores that provide access to collateral expertise in biomedical, behavioral, and/or psychosocial fields that are particularly relevant to medical rehabilitation research. Applicants should propose a program of research resources and collaborative opportunities in a specific content area. This may be accomplished through a combination of didactic interactions (workshops, courses, written material, and websites), consultations, and pilot funding. In addition, the research core may support intramural activities related to technique development, adaptation, and validation. Although examples of relevant expertise and content are provided below, additional areas may be proposed provided they have potential for promoting medical rehabilitation research and improving outcomes for people with disabilities.

Purpose: The purpose of the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards (Kirschstein-NRSA) is to provide support to individuals for combined MD/PhD and other dual doctoral degree training (e.g. DO/PhD, DDS/PhD, AuD/PhD). The participating Institutes award this Kirschstein-NRSA individual fellowship (F30) to qualified applicants with the potential to become productive, independent, highly trained physician-scientists and other clinician-scientists, including patient-oriented researchers in their scientific mission areas. This funding opportunity supports individual predoctoral F30 fellowships with the expectation that these training opportunities will increase the number of future investigators with both clinical knowledge and skills in basic, translational or clinical research. Mechanism of Support: This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism for Individual Predoctoral MD/PhD and other dual-degree Fellows (F30). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by participating ICs and the number of F30 fellowships awarded will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes or Centers (ICs), and the availability of funds.

Purpose: The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support for promising doctoral candidates who will be performing dissertation research and training in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) during the tenure of the award. Mechanism of Support: This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by participating ICs and the number of F31 fellowships awarded will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes, and the availability of funds.

Purpose: The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to improve the diversity of the health-related research workforce by supporting the training of predoctoral students from groups that have been shown to be underrepresented. Such candidates include individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, individuals with disabilities, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Detailed eligibility criteria are described in the full announcement. Mechanism of Support: This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by the participating NIH Institutes and Centers, and AHRQ and the number of F31 awards will depend on the scientific merit of applications received, their relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) and AHRQ, and the availability of funds.

Purpose: The purpose of this individual postdoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support to promising Fellowship Applicants with the potential to become productive, independent investigators in scientific health-related research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. Mechanism of Support: This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) uses the Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Postdoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F32). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded by participating ICs and the number of F32 fellowships awarded will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, relevance to the program priorities of the participating NIH Institutes or Centers (ICs), and the availability of funds.