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The goal of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support preclinical development and testing of new therapies for neurological disorders. The program will facilitate encouragementation, development, and review of therapy-directed projects to accelerate the translation of basic research discoveries into therapeutic candidates for clinical testing. Phase II and Fast-Track SBIR cooperative agreements are supported under the program. Phase I, as part of a Fast-Track, supports preliminary steps in the process for the preclinical development of therapeutics. To be eligible for Phase II support, either based on a previously successful Phase I or as part of a Fast-Track, projects must include therapeutic leads and in vivo proof of concept on efficacy. Phase II supports preclinical optimization and testing of the leads, and projects must be sufficiently advanced that an Investigational New Drug (IND) or Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can be submitted by the end of the project period. Phase II cannot support early-stage therapeutic discovery activities such as screening. The program scope excludes clinical research, basic research, and studies of disease mechanism. The scope includes only therapy development activities, so development of diagnostics, biomarkers, or rehabilitation strategies cannot be supported. This is a milestone-driven SBIR cooperative agreement program involving participation of NINDS staff in the development of the project plan and monitoring of research progress.

The National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), working in part with funds contributed by the John A. Hartford Foundation (http://www.jhartfound.org/) and The American Federation for Aging Research (http://afar.org/), are pursuing this initiative to encourage and assist the development of future leaders in the field of aging by supporting clinically trained (primarily physician) faculty members early in their careers to gain additional research training and to establish independent programs in aging research.

The National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), working in part with funds contributed by the John A. Hartford Foundation (http://www.jhartfound.org/) and The American Federation for Aging Research (http://afar.org/), are pursuing this initiative to encourage and assist the development of future leaders in the field of aging by supporting clinically trained (primarily physician) faculty members early in their careers to gain additional research training and to establish independent programs in aging research.

The Research Project Grant (R01) is an award made to an institution/organization to support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in areas representing the specific interests and competencies of the investigator(s). The R01 research plan proposed by the applicant institution/organization must be related to the stated program interests of one or more of the NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) based on descriptions of their programs.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) funding opportunity supports the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. The R21 mechanism is intended to encourage exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early and conceptual stages of these projects. These studies may involve considerable risk but may lead to a breakthrough in a particular area, or to the development of novel techniques, agents, methodologies, models, or applications that could have a major impact on a field of biomedical, behavioral, or clinical research.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Investigator-Initiated Small Research Grant (R03) funding opportunity supports small research projects that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources. The R03 grant mechanism supports different types of projects including pilot and feasibility studies; secondary analysis of existing data; small, self-contained research projects; development of research methodology; and development of new research technology.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA, encourages Research Program Grant (R01) applications that propose to study the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of human genome research.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Exploratory/Developmental Research Program Grant (R21) applications from institutions/organizations that propose to study the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of human genome research. These applications should propose exploratory or novel studies that break new ground or extend previous discoveries toward new directions or applications. Of particular interest are studies that explore the implications of new or emerging genomic technologies or novel uses of genomic information.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) issued by the Basic Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Opportunity Network (OppNet), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits Research Project Grant (R21) applications from institutions/organizations that propose to investigate the reciprocal interactions of the processes of sleep and circadian regulation and function with behavioral and social environment processes. Sleep is a complex biological phenomenon that is essential to normal behavioral and social functioning, as well as optimal health. In spite of its vital nature, the mechanisms by which social environment factors affect sleep behavior patterns have not been studied systematically, especially within the context of individual vulnerabilities and resilience. There is a need for greater understanding of the dynamic relationships between behavioral and social environment factors on the one hand and the basic mechanisms of sleep-wake and circadian regulation and function on the other. This FOA is not intended to support research on or development of treatments or interventions for disorders of sleep or circadian rhythms.

This FOA is issued as an initiative of the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research. The Neuroscience Blueprint is a collaborative framework through which 16 NIH Institutes, Centers and Offices jointly support neuroscience-related research, with the aim of accelerating discoveries and reducing the burden of nervous system disorders (for further information, see http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/).