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The purpose of the Kirschstein-NRSA predoctoral fellowship (F31) award is to enable promising predoctoral students to obtain individualized, mentored research training from outstanding faculty sponsors while conducting dissertation research in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers. The proposed mentored research training must reflect the applicants dissertation research project and is expected to clearly enhance the individuals potential to develop into a productive, independent research scientist.

The purpose of this Kirschstein-NRSA predoctoral fellowship (F31) award is to enhance the diversity of the health-related research workforce by supporting the research training of predoctoral students from population groups that have been shown to be underrepresented in the biomedical, behavioral, or clinical research workforce. Such individuals include those from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, those with disabilities, and those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Through this award program, promising predoctoral students will obtain individualized, mentored research training from outstanding faculty sponsors while conducting well-defined research projects in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers. The proposed mentored research training is expected to clearly enhance the individuals potential to develop into a productive, independent research scientist.

The purpose of the Kirschstein-NRSA postdoctoral fellowship is to enhance the research training of promising postdoctoral candidates who have the potential to become productive, independent investigators in scientific health-related research fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers.

The purpose of the Kirschstein-NRSA, dual-doctoral degree, predoctoral fellowship (F30) is to enhance the integrated research and clinical training of promising predoctoral students, who are matriculated in a combined MD/PhD or other dual-doctoral degree training program (e.g. DO/PhD, DDS/PhD, AuD/PhD, DVM/PhD), and who intend careers as physician-scientists or other clinician-scientists. Applicants must propose an integrated research and clinical training plan and a dissertation research project in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers. The fellowship experience is expected to clearly enhance the individuals potential to develop into productive, independent physician-scientists or other clinician-scientists.

In response to the spectacular opportunities and immense challenges presented by the dawning era of "Big Data" in biomedical research, NIH has developed the Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) initiative with the mission of enabling the biomedical research community to use the various types of Big Data for research. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to solicit development of analysis methods and software in the four topic areas of data compression/reduction, data visualization, data provenance, and data wrangling as part of the overall BD2K initiative.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites research grant applications focused on defining the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) and, identifying therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent the neurobehavioral and neurological effects of HIV-1 on the central nervous system (CNS). Basic and translational research in domestic and international settings are of interest. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged but not required.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites research grant applications to address the problem of HIV-1 persistence focused solely on the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV-infected persons treated with Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). This FOA will support innovative research in five areas: (1) basic research to identify and characterize persistent HIV-1 in CNS derived cells such as macrophages, microglia, and/or astrocytes in the setting of suppressive anti-retroviral therapy, with or without substance use; (2) basic research to determine the mechanisms involved in the temporal establishment, maintenance, and resurgence of persistent HIV-1 in the CNS in relationship to the timing of antiretroviral therapy; (3) development of physiologically relevant animal models and CNS-based cellular assays that recapitulate HIV-1 persistence and latency in the presence of effective HAART including effects of chronic substance use; (4) assessment of current and emerging eradication approaches on whether and/or how well they have successfully reactivated persistent HIV from CNS-derived cells such as macrophages, microglia and astrocytes; and (5) assessment of CNS toxicity and adverse impacts of current and emerging eradication strategies. Applications ranging from basic to translational research in domestic and international settings are of interest. Multidisciplinary research teams are encouraged but not required.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages bioengineering applications that will accelerate the development and adoption of promising tools and technologies that can address important biomedical research problems. The objectives are to establish these tools and technologies as robust, well-characterized solutions that fulfill an unmet need and are capable of enhancing our understanding of life science processes or the practice of medicine. Awards will focus on supporting multidisciplinary teams that apply an integrative, quantitative bioengineering approach to developing these technologies and engage biomedical researchers or clinicians throughout the project. The goal of the program is to support projects that can realize meaningful solutions within 5-10 years.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications to the newly authorized Direct-to-Phase II SBIR grant mechanism. Applications are invited from eligible United States small business concerns (SBCs) that have demonstrated the scientific and technical merit and feasibility of the prototype stage of developing a biomedical technology that has commercial potential, R&D that is characteristic of Phase-I (R43) SBIR projects. The Direct-to-Phase II grant mechanism is intended to facilitate SBIR-type R&D, to expand R&D opportunities for applicant small business concerns (SBCs), and to enhance the pace of technology development and commercialization.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) hereby notify Program Directors/Principal Investigators (PD(s)/PI(s)) holding specific types of NIH research grants listed in the full Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) that funds may be available for administrative supplements to meet increased costs that are within the scope of the approved award, but were unforeseen when the new or renewal application or grant progress report for non-competing continuation support was submitted. Applications for administrative supplements are considered prior approval requests (as described in Section 8.1.2.11 of the NIH Grants Policy Statement) and will be routed directly to the Grants Management Officer of the parent award.