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Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages grant applications for Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats (CounterACT) Research Centers of Excellence (U54s). The mission of the CounterACT U54 program is to develop new and improved therapeutics for chemical threats. Chemical threats are toxic chemicals that could be used in a terrorist attack or accidentally released from industrial production, storage or shipping. They include traditional chemical warfare nerve agents such as sarin and VX, and toxic industrial chemicals and pesticides such as cyanide, chlorine, parathion, and sodium fluoroacetate. The scope of the research to be supported includes target and candidate identification and characterization, through candidate optimization and demonstration of in vivo efficacy, through Investigational New Drug (IND) submission and Phase 1 clinical trials when appropriate. Each new CounterACT Research Center of Excellence will be composed of an administrative core, scientifically related research and development subprojects, and scientific cores if needed and justified. Applicants must demonstrate that the formation of an interdisciplinary Center will produce a synergistic research environment that allows each project to share the creative strengths and resources of the others. Research and development plans must include milestones that create discrete go or no-go decision points in a progressive translational study plan. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Specialized Center Cooperative Agreement (U54) grant mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-180 that encourages applications under the Research Project Cooperative Agreements (U01) program. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The participating Institutes intend to commit an average of $6 million per year in Fiscal Years 2011, 2012, and 2013 to fund new and/or competing renewal awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the number, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) for projects to design and develop advanced tools and technologies that will lead to improved clinical treatment for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) patients. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the STTR (R41/R42) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-10-176 which encourages applications under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) (R43/R44) grant mechanisms. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) for projects to design and develop advanced tools and technologies that will lead to improved clinical treatment for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) patients. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-10-175, which encourages applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The goal of the International Neuroscience Fellowship (INF) is to advance the training of qualified foreign neuroscientists and clinicians at the early or mid-career level, by enhancing their basic, translational or clinical research skills in a research setting in the United States (U.S.). This program aims to strengthen the intellectual capital of neuroscience research in international institutions. Awardees are expected to pursue future independent and productive careers, which stimulate research in the neurosciences on a global scale. Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the international research fellowship (F05) grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. The Fogarty International Center (FIC), together with the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC/NCIPC), and Department of Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability Non-communicable Diseases and Mental Health World Health Organization, solicits new and renewal applications in the Fogarty International Collaborative Trauma and Injury Research Training Program (TRAUMA). The application must propose a collaborative research training program that will strengthen the capacity of institutions in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), defined by the World Bank classification system, to conduct human trauma and injury research. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the National Institutes of Health (NIH) international research training D43 grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The estimated amount of funds available from all collaborating partners for support of an anticipated 9 projects awarded as a result of this announcement is $2,000,000.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) encourages research grant applications to support research designed to elucidate the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Basic, clinical, and applied studies are encouraged. This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Strategic Plan for ASD Research (http://iacc.hhs.gov/reports/2009/iacc-strategic-plan-for-autism-spectru…). Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with two FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-10-159 and PA-10-160, which encourage applications under the R03 and R21 mechanisms, respectively. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) encourages research grant applications to support research designed to elucidate the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Basic, clinical, and applied studies are encouraged. This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Strategic Plan for ASD Research (http://iacc.hhs.gov/reports/2009/iacc-strategic-plan-for-autism-spectru…). The R21 grant mechanism is intended to encourage exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early and conceptual stages of these projects. These studies may involve considerable risk but may lead to a breakthrough in a particular area, or to the development of novel techniques, agents, methodologies, models, or applications that could have a major impact on biomedical, behavioral, or clinical research. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-10-158 and PA-10-159, which encourage applications under the R01 and R03 mechanisms, respectively. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system (for further information, see http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/). This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is released in affiliation with the Neuroscience Blueprint, with Institutes and Centers participating independently. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose to develop innovative neuroscience educational tools to be used by or benefit children in kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12). Educational tools can be designed using any media (e.g., paper, electronic, etc.) or format (e.g., simulations, games, videos, notebooks, etc.) for use in or out of school settings, targeting children in groups or alone, with or without adult or teacher participation. Innovative neuroscience educational tools should promote neuroscience knowledge acquisition and application of that knowledge to ones own life, promote an interest in neuroscience learning and careers, and present a positive and realistic representation of the diversity of people who engage in neuroscience-related research and occupations. Educational tools targeted to increase the diversity of students (i.e., Native American, Black, Hispanic, female, disabled, or otherwise underrepresented) pursuing neuroscience learning are especially encouraged. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA), from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) encourages applications for projects intended to complete preliminary steps in the pipeline for the preclinical development of therapeutics to cure epilepsy, prevent the emergence of epilepsy following brain injury (including status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, stroke, encephalitis, or other injury) or in other high-risk groups, or to better treat individuals with intractable epilepsy. Such projects, if successful, should lead directly to a subsequent project that will include all remaining activities for submission of an Investigational New Drug (IND) or Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Only Aims required for therapy development can be supported in this program. This program excludes clinical research, basic research, and studies of disease mechanisms. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-144, that encourages applications under the Cooperative Agreement (U01) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NINDS funding plan for this FOA will support up to $900,000 total costs, which is sufficient for at least one new application per year for 3 years. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The goal of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA), from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to support preclinical development of new therapies to cure epilepsy, prevent the emergence of epilepsy following brain injury (including status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, stroke, encephalitis, or other injury) or in other high-risk groups, or to better treat individuals with intractable epilepsy. The program will facilitate solicitation, development, and review of therapy-directed projects to accelerate the translation of basic research discoveries into therapeutic candidates for clinical testing. This program is specifically directed at projects that include therapeutic leads with demonstrated activity against the intended disease target. The program supports preclinical optimization and testing of these leads and projects must be sufficiently advanced that an IND or IDE application to the FDA can be submitted by the end of the project period. The program does not support early-stage therapeutic discovery activities such as high throughput screening. The program also excludes clinical research, basic research, and studies of disease mechanism. This is a milestone-driven cooperative agreement program involving participation of NIH staff in the development of the project plan and monitoring of research progress. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the U01 Cooperative Agreement mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-143, that encourages applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NINDS funding plan for this FOA will support up to $3.6 million total costs, which is sufficient for at least one new application per year for 3 years. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.