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Purpose. This FOA issued by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, solicits cooperative agreement grant applications from institutions/organizations that propose to develop a redesigned and enhanced Parkinsons Disease Data Organizing Center. NINDS and NIEHS are committed to facilitating the collection and sharing of data related to clinical and translational research in Parkinsons disease. The goal of this program is a resource that will serve the Parkinsons disease (PD) research community by developing an ongoing repository for data from clinical trials and clinical studies, including epidemiologic and genetic studies, related to PD, and sharing of these data to enhance research. These data may include clinical as well as associated imaging, genetic, and neuropathology data elements. In addition, the Center will link clinical data with associated genetic, biospecimen, imaging, and neuropathology data as available in other databases. The Parkinsons Disease Data Organizing Center also will develop a flexible web-based data entry system using standardized common data elements for PD clinical research studies that can be modified by investigators for a variety of clinical research studies. The center will also maintain an up-to-date listing of resources for researchers in the scientific community. Ongoing outreach efforts should be undertaken to maximize data sharing via this resource in order to optimize research in PD. The information technology employed should serve to optimize the accessibility and usefulness of the information within the data organizing center.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) invites eligible United States small business concerns (SBCs) to submit Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications. United States SBCs that have the research capabilities and technological expertise to contribute to the R&D mission(s) of the NIH, CDC, FDA and ACF awarding components identified in this FOA are encouraged to submit SBIR grant applications in response to identified topics (see PHS 2010-2 SBIR/STTR Program Descriptions and Research Topics for NIH, CDC, FDA and ACF.) Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-10-051, which encourages applications under the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) (R41/R42) grant mechanisms. Note: STTR applications are accepted ONLY by the NIH. The CDC, FDA and ACF do not participate in the STTR program. SBIR Fast-Track and Phase II Competing Renewal grant applications are accepted by the NIH only. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invites eligible United States small business concerns (SBCs) to submit Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications. United States SBCs that have the research capabilities and technological expertise to contribute to the R and D mission(s) of the NIH awarding components identified in this FOA are encouraged to submit STTR grant applications in response to identified topics (see PHS 2010-2 SBIR/STTR Program Descriptions and Research Topics for NIH.) Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the STTR (R41/R42) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PA-10-050, that encourages applications under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) (R43/R44) grant mechanisms. Note: STTR applications are accepted ONLY by the NIH. The CDC, FDA and ACF do not participate in the STTR program. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. Through this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), entitled Institutional Comparative Effectiveness Research Mentored Career Development Award (KM1), which is supported by funds provided to the NIH under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5, the NIH invites applications from research-intensive institutions to support mentored career development in support of comparative effectiveness research (CER) in an interdisciplinary environment catering to the needs of diverse populations of scholars including (but not limited to) those with backgrounds in biostatistics, epidemiology, health economics, pharmacology, medicine, and dentistry. Scholars should be encouraged to register for higher degrees, where appropriate. Successful applicant institutions will be expected to include course development work in their proposal and make provision for expanding the pool of experienced CER mentors. This FOA is responsive to the NIH mission to build capacity in critical research areas (http://www.nih.gov/about/index.html#mission). Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the ARRA-specific NIH mechanism KM1 with funds provided to the NIH under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NIH intends to commit up to $25,000,000 for this FOA. It is anticipated that eight to 10 awards will be made for fiscal year 2010, pending the number and quality of applications.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5, invites applications for short-term mentored career development (K18) awards in the basic behavioral and social sciences research (b-BSSR) from three months to one year in duration. The program targets established, mid-career and senior investigators, to support their development of research capability in b-BSSR.Two categories of candidates are targeted: (a) biomedical or clinical researchers with little experience in basic behavioral and social sciences research who seek training with a well established b-BSSR investigator in order to explore the introduction of b-BSSR into their research programs; and (b) investigators in the basic or applied behavioral and social sciences who wish to build new components or domains of basic-BSSR into their research programs. The intent of this FOA is to provide candidates with protected time to achieve a shift in the focus of their research direction in the basic behavioral and social sciences, or to substantially enrich a current b-BSSR research program through the introduction of tools, theories or approaches from another discipline or area of science; it is not intended as a substitute for research project support. This FOA is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Basic Behavioral and Social Science Opportunity Network (OppNet). OppNet strongly encourages investigators to consult NIH-OBSSRs definitions related to b-BSSR for OppNet-related FOAs. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the K18 grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. OppNet intends to commit up to $2 million to this FOA. We anticipate that 10-20 awards will be made for fiscal year 2010, pending the number and quality of applications and availability of funds.

Purpose. The purpose of the NIH Research Conference Grant Program (R13 and U13) is to support high quality conferences/scientific meetings that are relevant to the scientific mission of the NIH and to the public health. A conference/scientific meeting is defined as a gathering, symposium, seminar, scientific meeting, workshop or any other organized, formal meeting where persons assemble to coordinate, exchange, and disseminate information or to explore or clarify a defined subject, problem, or area of knowledge. Each NIH Institute and Center (IC) has a scientific purview and different program goals and initiatives that evolve over time. Prior to preparing an application, it is critical that all applicants consult the appropriate IC representative listed in the R13/U13 Website (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/r13/) to obtain current information about IC specific program priorities and policies. This action is of utmost importance because applications with marginal or no relevance to the participating Institutes, Centers, or Offices will not be accepted for review or possible funding. Advance permission to submit an application must be requested early in the process and no later than 6 weeks before the application submission date. The letter from the NIH documenting advance permission must be included in the Cover Letter component of this application. In addition, applicants are encouraged to consult the Frequently Asked Questions Website for more detailed information about this program: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/r13/index.htm. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Conference grant (R13) and conference cooperative agreement (U13) award mechanisms. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH and AHRQ under the American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5, invites applications proposing clinical trials using the principles of behavioral economics to enhance the uptake of the results of comparative effectiveness research (CER) among health care providers in their practice. For this FOA, applicants must propose controlled trials that randomize units (whether individuals or clusters such as practices, hospitals, or larger units) to conditions, resulting in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) or cluster randomized trial (CRT). Research to foster the uptake of CER is seen to be necessary given the surprisingly modest behavioral response of health care providers and health care systems to information concerning treatments or procedures judged to be superior in CER trials. An additional possible benefit is that some behavioral economic interventions to promote the uptake of CER (e.g., those that rely on manipulating a providers default options) could be more cost effective than conventional approaches including some pay for performance schemes (P4P). For the purposes of this FOA, the definition of comparative effectiveness research will adhere to that adopted by the Federal Coordinating Council given at http://www.hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/cerannualrpt.pdf. Behavioral economics refers to the interdisciplinary efforts involving cognitive and social psychologists, decision scientists, and other social scientists together with economists to model economic decision-making and consequent actions. The approach is inclusive, since at its heart it tries to take into account what is known about how people actually make decisions rather than relying on the assumption that economic agents are fundamentally rational in the sense of expected utility theory (see, e.g., Kahneman and Tverskys (1979) work on Prospect Theory and Kahnemans (2003) Nobel lecture). It is hoped that this line of research will lead to significantly greater consideration of CER by health care providers and therefore enhance the quality of the nations health.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH and AHRQ under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5, invites applications to study how the principles of behavioral economics could be used to enhance the uptake of the results of comparative effectiveness research (CER) among health care providers in their practice. (For this FOA, applications should be thought of as large pilot or preliminary studies rather than definitive trials.) This funding opportunity seeks applications that will investigate whether the principles of behavioral economics could be used to enhance the uptake of the results CER among health care providers and also enhance the maintenance of such treatments in patient populations. Research to foster the uptake of CER is seen to be necessary given the surprisingly modest behavioral response of health care providers and health care systems to information concerning treatments or procedures judged to be superior in CER trials. An additional possible benefit is that some behavioral economic interventions to promote the uptake of CER could be far more cost effective than other approaches including some pay for performance schemes (P4P). For the purposes of this FOA, the definition of comparative effectiveness research will adhere to that adopted by the Federal Coordinating Council given at http://www.hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/cerannualrpt.pdf. Behavioral economics refers to the interdisciplinary efforts involving cognitive and social psychologists, decision scientists, and other social scientists together with economists to model economic decision-making and consequent actions. The approach is inclusive, since at its heart it tries to take into account what is known about how people actually make behavioral decisions rather than relying on the assumption that economic agents are fundamentally rational in the sense of expected utility theory (see, e.g.,Kahneman and Tverskys (1979) work on Prospect Theory and Kahnemans (2003) Nobel lecture). It is hoped that this line of research will lead to significantly greater understanding of the adoption of CER by health care providers and therefore enhance the quality of the nations health.

The NIH has received new funds for Fiscal Years (FYs) 2009 and 2010 as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA). This is one of a number of NIH initiatives related to the Recovery Act. These are listed at the following site: http://grants.nih.gov/recovery/. Under the Recovery Act, the NIH has established a program entitled NIH Directors Opportunity for Research in Five Thematic Areas. This program will support projects that address research endeavors in specific areas that will benefit from significant three-year funds without the expectation of continued NIH funding beyond this period. The research supported by the program should have high short-term impact, and a high likelihood of enabling growth and investment in biomedical research and development, public health, and health care delivery. Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5, solicits through this limited competition applications from domestic (United States) institutions/organizations proposing to develop and implement critical research innovations in one or more of the following five thematic areas: Applying Genomics and Other High Throughput Technologies Translating Basic Science Discoveries into New and Better Treatments Using Science to Enable Health Care Reform Focusing on Global Health Reinvigorating the Biomedical Research Community

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH and AHRQ under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ('Recovery Act" or "ARRA"), Public Law 111-5, invites applications to enhance, develop, or evaluate methodologies to improve the efficiency, validity, and credibility of comparative effectiveness research (CER) studies.CER encompasses a wide array of methodologies, including technology assessment, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, observational studies, and experimental trials.Each of these methodologies suffers from substantial weaknesses that limit their ability to rapidly provide information sought by patients, clinicians, and other stakeholders to make robust evidence-based decisions on clinical practice and public policy.Research is needed to develop better methods for measuring or reducing these weaknesses, which include, for example, confounding bias in observational studies and selection bias in randomized trials.For the purposes of this FOA, the definition of comparative effectiveness research will adhere to that adopted by the Federal Coordinating Council given at http://www.hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/cerannualrpt.pdfComparative effectiveness research is the conduct and synthesis of research comparing the benefits and harms of different interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat and monitor health conditions in "real world" settings. The purpose of this research is to improve health outcomes by developing and disseminating evidence-based information to patients, clinicians, and other decision-makers, responding to their expressed needs, about which interventions are most effective for which patients under specific circumstances.