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Purpose. This FOA solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/organizations proposing exceptionally innovative research on novel hypotheses or difficult problems, solutions to which would have an extremely high impact on biomedical or biobehavioral research in the epilepsies. This FOA is for support of new projects, not continuation of projects that have already been initiated. It does not support pilot projects, i.e., projects of limited scope that are designed primarily to generate data that will enable the PI to seek other funding opportunities. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS intends to commit up to $2 million total costs in fiscal year 2011 to support 4-6 new awards under this FOA. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This FOA invites R01 applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of: (1) immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to: asthma and allergic diseases; graft rejection in solid organ, cell, and tissue transplantation; graft versus host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; and chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and immunodeficiency diseases; and (2) preventative and therapeutic, vaccines for non-HIV/AIDS infectious diseases, including NIAID Category A, B, and C agents of bioterrorism and emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases. This FOA is a renewal with modifications of RFA AI-08-011 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-08-011.html). In order to review and confer awards to grant applications received in response to this FOA in a timely fashion, without delay of the parent clinical trial, applications submitted in response to the FOA will be subject to an accelerated review/award process. Highly meritorious applications selected for funding under this FOA may receive their awards as early as thirteen weeks after the application receipt date. Holidays and other circumstances may alter this schedule slightly. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project grant (R01) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) intends to commit $2 million in Fiscal Year 2010 to fund five to six applications. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH and HRSA under the Tom Lantos and Henry Hyde United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law 110-293 (more commonly known as the U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [PEPFAR]), invites proposals from foreign Institutions in Sub-Saharan African countries which receive PEPFAR support (http://www.pepfar.gov/countries/index.htm) and their partners to develop or expand and enhance models of medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa. These models are intended to support PEPFARs goal of increasing the number of new health care workers by 140,000, strengthen medical education systems in the countries in which they exist, and build clinical and research capacity in Africa as part of a retention strategy for faculty of medical schools and clinical professors. The strategy of this initiative is to build human capacity for health in Africa by strengthening the medical education system in an environment that values and nurtures research and which will contribute to the sustainability and quality of the overall effort. These models will also contribute to the sustainability of the PEPFAR investments through the provision of excellence in clinical training and the capacity of medical students and faculty to participate in and carry out multidisciplinary locally driven research (e.g. implementation science and/or clinical, health services, and operations research) that responds to the health needs of their communities and country and improves health outcomes for men, women, and children. In addition to PEPFAR support for strengthening medical education in African institutions, funds are also being provided from the Office of AIDS Research (OAR), located within the NIH Office of the Director, in support of the research capacity building component of this initiative and building on OARs long-term support for NIH efforts to build sustainable research and training partnerships between U.S. and African educational and research institutions. Linked awards that focus on diseases and priority health areas related to and/or beyond HIV/AIDS will also be available through the NIH Common Fund initiative (http://commonfund.nih.gov/), managed by the Office of Strategic Coordination (OSC), located within the NIH Office of the Director. These awards are part of the NIH Directors decision to make global health one of the NIHs highest priorities.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act or ARRA), Public Law 111-5, invites applications for the NIH Directors ARRA Pathfinder Award to Promote Diversity in the Scientific Workforce. The NIH recognizes a unique and compelling need to promote diversity in the biomedical, behavioral, clinical and social sciences research workforce. The NIH expects all of its efforts to diversify the workforce to lead to the recruitment of the most talented researchers from all groups; to improve the quality of the educational and training environment; to balance and broaden the perspective in setting research priorities; to improve the ability to recruit subjects from diverse backgrounds into clinical research protocols; and to improve the Nation's capacity to address and eliminate health disparities. .This new FOA introduces a new research grant program to encourage exceptionally creative individual scientists to develop highly innovative and possibly transforming approaches for promoting diversity within the biomedical research workforce. To be considered highly innovative, the proposed research must reflect ideas substantially different from those already being pursued or it must apply existing research designs in new and innovative ways to unambiguously identify factors that will improve the retention of students, postdocs and faculty from diverse backgrounds. Awardees must commit a major portion (generally 30% or more) of their research effort to activities supported by the Directors Pathfinder Award and the proposed research must be endorsed by the highest levels of institutional management. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the DP4 grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NIH intends to commit approximately $10 million under this FOA. We anticipate that up to 5 awards will be made in fiscal year 2010, pending the number and quality of applications and availability of funds.

Purpose. The Jointly Sponsored NIH Predoctoral Training Program in the Neurosciences supports broad and fundamental, early-stage graduate research training in the neurosciences via institutional NRSA research training grants (T32) at domestic institutions of higher education. Trainees are supported during years 1 and 2 of their graduate research training when they are typically not committed to a dissertation laboratory. The primary objective is to prepare qualified individuals for careers in neuroscience that have a significant impact on the health-related research needs of the Nation. Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Institutional Research Training Grants (T32) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the number, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support for promising doctoral candidates who will be performing dissertation research and training in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) during the tenure of the award. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) award mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to improve the diversity of the health-related research workforce by supporting the training of predoctoral students from groups that have been shown to be underrepresented. Such candidates include individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, individuals with disabilities, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) award mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The purpose of this individual postdoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support to promising Fellowship Applicants with the potential to become productive, independent investigators in scientific health-related research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Postdoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) award mechanism (F32). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards individual senior level research training fellowships to experienced scientists who wish to make major changes in the direction of their research careers or who wish to broaden their scientific background by acquiring new research capabilities as independent investigators in research fields relevant to the missions of participating NIH Institutes and Centers. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Postdoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) award mechanism (F33). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research training will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose: The purpose of this individual predoctoral research training fellowship is to provide support for promising doctoral candidates who are enrolled in combined MD-PhD programs, who will be performing dissertation research and training in scientific health-related fields relevant to the mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Mechanism of Support: This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award (NRSA) mechanism (F31). Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The total amount to be awarded, and the number of F31 fellowships awarded, will depend on the quality and scientific merit of the applications received, relevance to the program priorities of NINDS, and the availability of funds.