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This FOA issued by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, encourages Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/ organizations addressing preclinical research in model organisms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Applications responsive to this FOA will propose to develop, validate, and/or calibrate outcome measures, surrogate markers, and biomarkers in model organisms that can inform and effectively translate to human clinical trials for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In addition, applications may propose to conduct rigorous, controlled and standardized preclinical animal trials designed for safety, toxicity, and efficacy prediction or to perform an independent validation of efficacy in animals prior to human clinical trials. The goal of this FOA is to accelerate and improve the preclinical testing of candidate treatments and therapeutic compounds in order to move promising new drug therapies into clinical trials. Potential applicants may be interested in the FOA Outcome measures for use in treatment trials of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities issued simultaneously with this FOA.

Purpose. Biomedical research laboratories increasingly undertake a software development project to solve a problem of interest specifically related to that laboratory. These software packages sometimes become useful to a much broader community of users that can include translational and clinical researchers. The goal of this program announcement is to support the continued development, maintenance, testing and evaluation of existing software. The proposed work should apply best practices and proven methods for software design, construction, and implementation to extend the applicability of existing biomedical informatics/computational biology software to a broader biomedical research community. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages grant applications proposing the conduct of innovative, collaborative research and research training projects, between High Income country (HIC) and low- to middle-income country (LMIC) scientists, on nervous system function and disorders throughout life, relevant to LMICs. The collaborative research programs are expected to contribute to the long-term goals of building sustainable research capacity in LMICs to address nervous system development, function and impairment throughout life and to lead to diagnostics, treatment and prevention strategies.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages exploratory/developmental planning grant applications proposing the development of innovative, collaborative research and research training projects, between high income country (HIC) and low- to middle-income country (LMIC) scientists, on brain and other nervous system function and disorders throughout life, relevant to LMICs. The planning grants are expected to lead to full research programs which contribute to the long-term goals of building sustainable research capacity in LMICs to address nervous system development, function and impairment throughout life and to lead to diagnostics, prevention, and treatment strategies.

Purpose. This FOA, issued by NINDS and NIDDK, promotes new interdisciplinary collaborations by researchers in neuroscience and in diabetes/metabolism to further understanding of the mechanisms by which the CNS controls glucose levels and the consequences to the CNS of derangements in these mechanisms. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. A maximum of $750,000 in first year direct costs is available with the anticipation that two to three new R01 awards will be made per year for the 3-year duration of this FOA. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

This FOA solicits Research Program Project Grant (P20) applications from institutions/organizations proposing exploratory collaborative research on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). This FOA is for support of new projects, not continuation of projects that have already been initiated. Successful exploratory studies may lead to future applications for support of a collaborative, multidisciplinary SUDEP Center without Walls.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite research grant applications focused on defining the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) and identifying therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent the neurobehavioral and neurological effects of HIV-1 on the central nervous system (CNS). Applications ranging from basic research to clinical diagnosis and treatment in domestic and international settings are of interest. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged but not required.

The purpose of the FOA is to invite applications for Diversity Research Education grants whose goals are to support the development and/or implementation of programs to: (1) increase the number of Ph.D.-level research scientists from diverse backgrounds including graduate, post-doctoral and/or junior-faculty career levels; and (2) advance the careers of the participants to the next step in their education. Funding support for the R25 Diversity Research Education Programs should lead to increased recruitment, mentoring, education and retention of researchers from diverse backgrounds in the neuroscience scientific workforce.

Purpose: This FOA is an initiative of the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research (http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov), a trans-NIH partnership to accelerate neuroscience research. Sixteen Institutes and Centers (ICs) are participating in the Blueprint. This funding opportunity will enable the development of novel, interdisciplinary training programs that integrate comprehensive training in basic neuroscience, the physical and biological bases of neuroimaging, the technologies of in vivo neuroimaging, and the application of these technologies to understanding questions in neuroscience across the life span. Each training program must have two components: a] a pre-doctoral NRSA institutional training program (T90) and b] a short-term research education program (R90) that may include scientists at any stage of the career continuum who are interested in neuroimaging. Programs may also include a full-time non-NRSA institutional pre-doctoral training component (R90).. An external advisory committee, a dissemination plan, and an evaluation plan are required. Mechanism of Support: This funding opportunity will use the T90/R90 mechanism that includes linked research training and research education programs. Applicants will submit a single, unified grant application and, if selected for funding, two separate awards will be issued, a T90 (research training award) and a R90 (research education award) based on distinct research training and research education-related funding authorities. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: The participating Institutes have committed approximately $1.3M to support this FOA in FY11. However, the total amount awarded and the number of awards made will depend upon the number, quality, and cost of the applications received.

Purpose. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is designed to promote research on tumor microenvironment with the focus on understanding the role of host stroma in tumorigenesis and responses to treatment. Through this FOA, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite cooperative agreement applications from groups of investigators interested in forming Research Centers serving as components of an interactive NCI Tumor Microenvironment Network (TMEN). The main scientific objectives of TMEN are: 1) to generate a comprehensive understanding of composition of the stroma in normal tissues as well as its roles in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis; 2) to delineate mechanisms of tumor-stroma interactions in human cancer; and 3) to identify the mechanism(s) by which tumor stroma may affect responses to treatment. In addition to these general NCI priorities, NINDS is particularly interested in research programs relevant to primary brain tumors or peripheral nervous system tumors. TMEN members will be expected to participate in collaborative efforts (to be developed within TMEN) that are directed at: 1) developing resources and reagents critical to the analysis of the tumor microenvironment; 2) developing novel technologies for use in tumor microenvironment research; and 3) outreach activities to facilitate dissemination of such resources and technologies to the broader research community. TMEN infrastructure is expected to establish repositories of critical reagents, resources, and information as well as promote and facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations both within and outside the Network. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the U54 cooperative agreement mechanism.