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The purpose of the Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (K08) is to support the development of outstanding clinician research scientists. This mechanism provides specialized study for individuals with a health professional doctoral degree committed to a career in laboratory or field- based research. Candidates must have the potential to develop into independent investigators. The K08 supports a three, four, or five year period of supervised research experience that may integrate didactic studies with laboratory or clinically-based research. The proposed research must have intrinsic research importance as well as serving as a suitable vehicle for learning the methodology, theories, and conceptualizations necessary for a well trained independent researcher.

The purpose of the Mentored Patient-oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) is to support the career development of investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patient-oriented research. This mechanism provides support for three to five years of supervised study and research for clinically trained professionals who have the potential to develop into productive, clinical investigators focussing on patient-oriented research. Clinically trained professionals or individuals with a clinical degree who are interested in further career development in biomedical research that is not patient-oriented, should refer to the Mentored Clinical Scientist Career Development (K08) Award (see http://grants.nih.gov/training/careerdevelopmentawards.htm on the NIH website for details).

The purpose of the Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) is to provide support for clinicians to allow them protected time to devote to patient-oriented research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical investigators. The target candidates are outstanding clinical scientists who are actively engaged in patient-oriented research. Candidates are generally within 15 years of their specialty training. Candidates must be able to demonstrate the need for a period of intensive research focus as a means of enhancing their clinical research careers and must be committed to mentoring the next generation of patient-oriented researchers. The award is intended to further both the research and mentoring endeavors of outstanding patient-oriented investigators, to enable them to expand their potential for significant contributions to their field, and to act as mentors for beginning clinician researchers.

In response to the resurgence of interest in the application of neurosurgical approaches to the treatment of movement disorders and especially Parkinson's disease, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) invite qualified investigators to submit grant applications for a broad range of studies aimed at improving the use of deep brain stimulation as a therapy. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to encourage additional basic and clinical studies into the mechanisms of a potentially reversible, adjustable and long term electrical treatment of neurological disorders. It is expected that this research will produce a greater understanding of the circuitry involved in movement and related disorders, the development of improved electrodes for use in deep brain stimulation, and improved treatment.

Traumatic spinal cord injury currently affects approximately 250,000 Americans. Many functional changes can result, including the loss of voluntary movements below the level of the spinal lesion. Research from a variety of animal models has shown that various spinal circuits, with appropriate ascending and descending input, are critical for coordinated voluntary and reflex movements including not only standing and walking, but also control of bladder, bowel, and sexual functions. Since many spinal cord injuries leave much of the spinal cord intact, reactivation of the "spinal pattern generators" to control at least some of these lost functions seems possible. Fundamental research, in mammalian systems, on the anatomy and physiology of intrinsic spinal circuits that are involved in volitional movements will play a key role in unlocking the potential to restore function after injury.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke(NINDS),in collaboration with the National Center for Research Resources(NCRR)invites applications for Specialized Neuroscience Research Programs(SNRP)at Minority Institutions Awards. The purpose of this Request for Applications(RFA)is to augment and strengthen the research capabilities of faculty, students, and fellows at minority institutions by supporting the development of new, and/or the enhancement of ongoing, basic and clinical neuroscience research projects and programs.

The objective of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to stimulate research on the relative roles of environmental, endogenous neurochemical and modifying genetic factors in the cause of Parkinson's disease. Recent evidence from twin studies has shown that genetics plays less of a role and environmental factors a potentially greater role than previously thought in the development of late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). In response to this finding, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites scientists to submit research grant applications for research aimed at elucidating the role of the environment in the development of Parkinson's disease. The results of these investigations will contribute to clarifying the part environmental factors play in the etiology of this disease.

The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to stimulate the career development of physician-scientists engaged in research on the relative roles of environmental, endogenous neurochemical, and modifying genetic factors in the cause of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Recent evidence from twin studies has shown that genetics plays less of a role and environmental factors a potentially greater role than previously thought in the development of late-onset PD. In response to this finding, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) have issued an RFA (ES-00-002) for research project grants for research aimed at elucidating the role of the environment in the development of PD. The results of these immediate investigations will contribute to clarifying the part environmental factors play in the etiology of this disease. It is recognized, however, that long-term progress in research in this area is dependent on developing a cadre of scientists who can carry the state of knowledge to the next level. This is especially true of physician scientists who can relate fundamental and laboratory findings concerning the role of the environment in PD to the human disease state. This RFA for career development applications addresses that priority goal.

The goal of this initiative is to promote the performance of research and transfer of findings that will benefit the health of women. The Programs will accomplish this by bridging advanced training with research independence, as well as bridging scientific disciplines or areas of interest. This will increase the number and skills of investigators at awardee institutions through a mentored research experience leading to an independent scientific career addressing women"s health concerns.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute invite investigator- initiated research grant applications to study the role of growth factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. While several growth factors are already being tested in clinical trials for the treatment and/or prevention of diabetic microvascular disease, a systemic examination of the pathophysiologic role of growth factors in diabetic complications is lacking. This PA, with a $2 million NIDDK annual set-aside, is intended to stimulate the application of new molecular technologies to this area. An understanding of the tissue and cell specific expression of growth factors in the eye, kidney, mouth, nerves and vessels, and of the molecular action of these growth factors in the pathophysiology of complications will lead to improved and more specific therapies.