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The purpose of this five-year research grant program is to enhance our understanding of the etiology, extent, services, treatment, management, and prevention of child neglect. This Request for Applications (RFA) is intended to stimulate the development of programs of child neglect research at institutions that currently have strong research programs in related areas (e.g., child development, injury prevention, developmental neurobiology, child abuse, substance abuse, population research, craniofacial and dental public health, health services) but are not engaged in extensive research focusing on child neglect. A second goal of this RFA is to bring the expertise of researchers from the child health, education, and juvenile justice fields into the child neglect research field and to promote their collaborations with each other and with child neglect and child abuse researchers.

In response to the recommendations of the Rat Genome Advisory Committee and the Report of the NIH Model Organism Database Workshop (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/) the NIH proposes to establish a Rat Genome Database (RGDB). The objective of this RFA is to establish a database that will collect, consolidate, and integrate data generated from ongoing rat genetic, genomic, and related research efforts, and to make these data widely available to the scientific community.

The purpose of this RFA is to support the development of technologies that will facilitate the generation of a complete set of full-length human cDNAs as well as other mammalian cDNAs. Current methods of cDNA clone and library production favor shorter, more heavily represented genes. In addition, although current methodology for isolating mRNA for use in cDNA construction works well with cell lines, reliable methodologies for extraction of high quality mRNA from tissues remains a challenge. Use of human tissues may be necessary to achieve the goal of a complete set of human cDNA clones. Finally, reliable, high-throughput methods to determine whether clones contain a copy of the full transcript, the full coding region, or a partial transcript are needed. This RFA is intended to support innovative research projects aimed at solving one or more of the problems currently associated with the production of a complete set of full-length human cDNA clones and full-length cDNA clones from other mammals.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) are soliciting applications for research that will make use of neuroimaging techniques to monitor structural, functional, and metabolic correlates of human immunodeficiency virus/central nervous system (HIV/CNS) disease. Advanced structural and functional neuroimaging techniques are providing new opportunities to identify clinically significant abnormalities and relate them to neurological and neuropsychological dysfunction. As new and improved therapeutic interventions are becoming available for controlling HIV disease progression, the importance of non-invasive monitoring of HIV/CNS disease is necessary for treatment response monitoring.

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), the National Eye Institute (NEI), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the Office of Research on Women"s Health invite applications for research on the genetic bases and molecular pathways of target organ damage in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. The applications may be for individual research projects (R01), for a group of independent research projects that use the interactive research project grant (IRPG) mechanism, or for exploratory/developmental grants (R21). The research should be specifically targeted towards identification and evaluation of cellular and molecular pathways involved in organ damage and on the genetic basis for target organ involvement in autoimmunity. This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits basic, translational and clinical research projects, but not epidemiological or clinical treatment projects.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is continuing to make a special effort to stimulate research in educational institutions that provide baccalaureate training for a significant number of the Nation"s research scientists but that have not been major recipients of NIH support. Since Fiscal Year (FY) 1985, Congressional appropriations for the NIH have included funds for this initiative, which NIH has implemented through the Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) program and an annual Request For Applications. Based on the expectation that funds will continue to be available each year, since 1997 the NIH invites applications for AREA grants (R15) through a standing, ongoing Program Announcement (PA).

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), the National Eye Institute (NEI), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on Women"s Health (ORWH) invite applications for research project grants to develop new methods for in vivo imaging of the immune system in small animal models of human autoimmune diseases. Support will be provided for the development of high- resolution imaging technologies to visualize active processes of immune cells in vivo, including instrumentation and computational improvements, and the design, development, synthesis and testing of new contrast agents. These projects will require the coordinated effort of experts in imaging and immunology to develop innovative approaches for imaging immune cell movement, behavior and functions in vivo using animal models of human autoimmune diseases. Of particular interest are studies designed to specifically label and follow lymphocytes and other immune effector cells at various activation states throughout an ongoing immune response.

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and the Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) invite applications for innovative investigator-initiated basic or population based research to determine the role of environmental and infectious agents in the initiation and/or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Three specific areas of interest are: 1) the role of exposure to environmental and/or infectious agents in the development of autoimmune diseases, including timing of exposure; 2) the role of genetic factors in modulating the induction or perpetuation of autoimmune diseases by environmental or infectious agents and 3) the interaction of hormones and gender differences with environmental or infectious agents in development of autoimmune diseases. It is anticipated that research fostered by this RFA will lead to the development of more extensive hypothesis-driven mechanistically-oriented research projects.

The Brain Molecular Anatomy Project (BMAP) is a multi-institute initiative that supports research on the genomics of the nervous system, with initial efforts focussing on the discovery of new genes and the study of gene expression patterns in mouse and human brains. This initiative will provide the capability to quantify and track the expression of tens of thousands of genes in space and time, and will generate enormous amounts of such data.

The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate research to increase understanding of the role of fusin co-factors in HIV infection of the CNS and to identify and develop analogs and related compounds of these co-factors as potential therapeutic agents.