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The National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) are continuing joint sponsorship of a predoctoral research training program in the neurosciences. The aim of the program is to encourage and support broad, early-stage training in the neurosciences by offering institutions a single comprehensive training grant. It is expected that the new training programs will enhance basic and disease-related neuroscience research that is relevant to the participating NIH Institutes.

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke invite research grant applications to study the ontogeny of drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors, and the corresponding ion channels and related proteins. A major objective of this initiative is the characterization of the mechanisms involved in gene regulation and expression of these proteins during development, both prenatal and postnatal.

This RFA solicits applications to study the effects of HAART on HIV/CNS disease with respect to the clinical, neurological, neuropsychological, virological, immunological, and neuropathological response to the drugs. This solicitation also includes studies to develop drug formulations with improved ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, studies to develop improved methods of delivering drugs to the CNS, and the interaction of anti-retrovirals with psychotropic drugs.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), National Institute on Deafness and other Communicative Disorders (NIDCD), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), invite applications to promote research into the role of microglia in the initiation and expansion of autoimmune processes of the central nervous system (CNS) and the resulting injury to CNS components. Microglia become reservoirs of infectious agents including viruses, fungi, treponema and prions. Under certain conditions, they assume the phenotypes and functions of macrophages. They may become activated and then be able to serve in antigen presentation. The contributions of these cells not only to infections of the CNS, but also to autoimmunity, are beginning to be appreciated. The intent of this PA is to intensify interest and investigator-initiated research to attract new investigators to this field and to mobilize interdisciplinary approaches.

This Program Announcement (PA), issued as an initiative of the trans-NIH Bioengineering Consortium (BECON), invites grant applications for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) projects on nanotechnologies useful to biomedicine. Nanotechnology is defined as the creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter at the scale of 1 to 100 nanometers, and the exploitation of novel properties and phenomena at the same scale. Nanotechnology is emerging as a field critical for enabling essential breakthroughs that may have tremendous potential for affecting biomedicine. Moreover, nanotechnologies developed in the next several years may well form the foundation of significant commercial platforms.

The Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) provides support for an intensive, supervised career development experience in one of the biomedical, behavioral, or clinical sciences leading to research independence. Candidates for this award normally must have a research or health-professional doctorate and postdoctoral research experience at the time of application. In addition, the candidate must be able to demonstrate the need for a three, four, or five-year period of additional supervised research as well as the capacity and/or the potential for highly productive independent research. The proposed career development experience must be in a research area new to the applicant and/or one in which an additional supervised research experience will substantially add to the research capabilities of the applicant. The candidate must provide a plan for achieving independent research support by the end of the award period.

The Independent Scientist Award (K02) provides up to five years of salary support for newly independent scientists who can demonstrate the need for a period of intensive research focus as a means of enhancing their research careers. This award is intended to foster the development of outstanding scientists and enable them to expand their potential to make significant contributions to their field of research.

Participating Institutes and Centers (ICs) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite applications for R01 awards to support Bioengineering Research Partnerships (BRPs) for basic bioengineering research addressing important biological or medical research problems. A BRP is a multidisciplinary research team applying an integrative, systems approach to develop knowledge and/or methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease and understand health and behavior. The partnership must include bioengineering expertise in combination with basic and/or clinical investigators. A BRP may propose design- directed or hypotheses-driven research in universities, national laboratories, medical schools, private industry and other public and private entities.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite investigator- initiated research applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to, asthma and allergy, graft failure in solid organ, tissue, cell and stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, this Request for Applications (RFA) is a continuation and modification of RFA AI-98-006. It focuses on the inclusion of patients and utilization of patient samples for the evaluation of immunologic and other relevant parameters to facilitate the study and definition of immunological mechanisms underlying the intervention, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, surrogate/biomarkers markers of disease activity and therapeutic effect, and mechanisms of human immunologic function. The parent or core clinical trial must have independent financial support and will NOT receive support under this RFA. Proposed mechanistic studies associated with clinical trials supported by industry are particularly encouraged but clinical trials supported by any source, public or private, are eligible.

The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to solicit feasibility studies for profiling gene expression patterns in the mammalian nervous system. Exploratory research projects supported under this RFA will utilize neural tissue-specific cDNA reagents and state-of-the-art microarray technologies, in order to quantify in a highly parallel way expression profiles of genes in mammalian neural tissue. The creation of collaborative teams is encouraged, in which scientists with expertise in neuroscience research, genomics, and bioinformatics work to apply innovative approaches for analyzing microarray data.