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Participating Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite applications for P20 planning grants that lead to the establishment of National Programs of Excellence in Biomedical Computing. Susequent to this program announcement, a series of solicitations will be issued by participating NIH Institutes and Centers to invite applications for National Programs of Excellence in Biomedical Computing (NPEBC) awards.

Participating Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health invite applications for innovative research in biomedical information science and technology to promote the progress of biomedical research. There exists an expanding opportunity to speed the progress of biomedical research through the power of computing to manage and analyze data and to model biological processes. The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in biomedical information science and technology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research. As defined here, biomedical computing or biomedical information science and technology includes database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, synthesis, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical models and simulations.

Participating Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health invite applications for innovative research in biomedical information science and technology to promote the progress of biomedical research. There exists an expanding opportunity to speed the progress of biomedical research through the power of computing to manage and analyze data and to model biological processes. The NIH is interested in promoting research and developments in biomedical information science and technology that will support rapid progress in areas of scientific opportunity in biomedical research. As defined here biomedical computing or biomedical information science and technology includes, database design, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, data retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, synthesis, and tools for electronic collaboration, as well as computational research including the development of structural, functional, integrative, and analytical models and simulations.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent and dangerous occurrence in the United States, with approximately 2 million new cases each year. It is the leading cause of mortality in persons under 45 years old, and a leading cause of disability in all age groups. In adult age groups (ages 21-55) a moderate or even "mild" TBI can result in lifelong deficits in cognition, behavior, and emotional stability that can be described as decreased executive functioning. Such problems impair employment, disrupt stable social relationships and can isolate the individual to a narrow world of disability and reduced opportunity. Researchers have defined many pathological events that occur in the brain early after a TBI, and are beginning to define behavioral consequences in more chronic periods, but the underlying neurobiology for the deficits in executive functioning have not been defined. Strategies to overcome the long-term consequences of TBI include cognitive- behavioral intervention, pharmacological management, assistive technology, environmental manipulation, education and counseling. Little research has been done on the efficacy of these approaches. Use of functional imaging to evaluate the circuitry involved in the cognitive/behavioral aspects of executive function in TBI may reveal insights that could be applied to the evaluation of such attempts at treatment. Therefore, the NINDS, the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research in NICHD, and NIMH seek research devoted to functional imaging of brain activity in brain-injured individuals with complex cognitive deficits that constitute altered executive functioning.

The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to solicit applications to expand research on established self-management interventions to multiple chronic diseases across the life-course. Interventions aimed at chronic disease self-management are numerous and many are well described in the literature. They are often presented as specific to a particular chronic disease. This PA encourages applicants to investigate the applicability of effective self-management interventions to a broader spectrum of chronic diseases. Chronic disease, for this announcement, is defined as illnesses that are prolonged, are rarely cured completely, and require self-management behaviors by affected individuals and/or their caretakers.

This Program Announcement (PA) and PA-00-106 – Basic And Translational Research In Emotion: Small Grants (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-00-106.html) are revisions of PA-94-059, which was published in the NIH Guide on April 29, 1994. Under this PA, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite research grant applications to expand basic research on the processes and mechanisms involved in the experience and expression of emotion.

In response to new research discoveries on parkin in the neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s Disease, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites qualified investigators to submit grant applications for focused studies of the role of parkin and related proteins in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The overall purpose of this initiative is to support and stimulate focused studies of the role of parkin and related proteins in Parkinson’s and other neurodegenerative diseases to elucidate potential common mechanisms relevant to neurodegeneration.

The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to stimulate ground-based research on basic, applied, and clinical biomedical and behavioral problems that are relevant to human space flight or that could use the space environment as a laboratory. Although none of the research supported under this initiative would be conducted in space, it is anticipated that it would form a basis for future competitively reviewed studies which could be conducted on the International Space Station, or other space flight opportunities, by skilled on-board specialists.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is interested in promoting collaborations among junior investigators (Postdoctoral Fellows through Assistant Professors, or equivalent) to stimulate translational research in the field of epilepsy. This exploratory grants program is being issued in conjunction with the White House-initiated, NIH-sponsored conference, "Curing Epilepsy: Focus on the Future." To this end the NINDS invites exploratory/developmental research grant applications (R21) in patient- oriented research, developmental neurobiology, genetics, advanced technology, imaging, pharmacotherapeutics, or other research areas, which are likely to lead to the cure of epilepsy (defined as "the prevention of epilepsy before it occurs in people at risk, and the cessation of seizures without therapy-associated side effects in those who develop the disease"). Emphasis will be placed on cross- disciplinary collaborations, novel hypotheses, and unique approaches in applying fundamental neurobiological concepts to epilepsy research. Special consideration will be given to proposals that enhance the application of scientific knowledge to the understanding and treatment of the disorder. This initiative requires collaborations of two or more junior investigators at different institutions, or in different laboratories within the same institution. Investigators already working together at the same department are not eligible.

Motor vehicular accidents, sports accidents, and assaults result in about 10,000 new cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) every year in the United States. Damaged nerve fibers within the cord cease to relay signals between the brain and the rest of the body, depending on the site of damage along the spinal cord, these injuries can interfere with breathing, bowel and bladder function, and result in paraplegia or quadriplegia. New findings on the molecular regulation of axonal pathfinding and synapse formation during development suggest that similar mechanisms could lead to more robust and directed nerve regrowth in adulthood, and the restoration of connections within the damaged spinal cord. However, more information is needed on the expression of such signals in the normal and injured adult spinal cord. In order to stimulate research in this area, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites applications for support of pilot studies that extend the new discoveries in developmental neurobiology to stimulate axonal regeneration, guidance, and synaptogenesis within the injured spinal cord. Researchers with expertise in development and other disciplines are encouraged to initiate exploratory studies leading to a better understanding of the basic mechanisms that contribute to repair and plasticity after spinal cord injury.