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The purpose of this RFA is to facilitate collaborative cross- disciplinary and multi-institutional approaches that will contribute new and vital information about the clinical and pathological course of normal aging and the neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging. This RFA requires the utilization of data and/or samples from at least three currently funded NIA Alzheimer's Disease Centers with the possibility of using additional relevant data outside of the Centers. The project should use the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) http://www.alz.washington.edu/ for expert advice on planning, study design, statistical analysis and data management of the research projects. Applicants can be from the Alzheimer's Disease Centers, the Morris K. Udall Centers, or the research community at large. There must be a plan to share data originating from these studies by archiving them at NACC so that other investigators will be able to conduct additional analyses when appropriate. There must also be a plan for sample utilization beyond that of the initial application. This is a research opportunity for scientists within and outside the Alzheimer's Disease Centers to gain access to unique resources related to Alzheimer's Disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, and normal aging and to support collection of new data and samples. Applicants can also propose to utilize Center data and samples to investigate other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Vascular dementia, Parkinson's dementia, Lewy Body disease, Fronto-Temporal dementia, as well as study psychiatric symptoms associated with dementia, socio behavioral aspects of dementia, and management and care of dementia patients. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is interested in those specific applications which include the Morris K. Udall Centers of Excellence, or other Parkinson's research centers, in the pursuit of those research objectives focused on Parkinson's Disease (PD) or related parkinsonisms. The PD center need not be located with ADCs, but collaboration with those ADCs with existing samples and data sets focused on PD is required. Specific scientific projects of interest include the use of clinico-pathological correlations to study mechanisms of pathogenesis in PD or other parkinsonian conditions, characterization of the pathological features of these conditions, and the collection of patient data on their associated symptoms.

This Program Announcement (PA), issued as an initiative of the trans- NIH Bioengineering Consortium (BECON), is aimed at enhancing nanoscience and nanotechnology research approaches that have the potential to make valuable contributions to biology and medicine. Nanoscience and nanotechnology refer to research at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, at the length scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometers. The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate cross-cutting, integrative research in these fields of science and technology. In particular, this initiative invites research on: i) the creation and use of structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small size, that may be used to achieve a fundamental understanding of biological processes and /or contribute to disease detection, therapy, or prevention; ii) conception and fabrication of devices, that will effectively detect and analyze nanoscale entities of relevance to biomedicine; and iii) the study of biological systems at the nanoscale for the explicit purpose of using that information to develop nanotechnologies and nanostructured materials that will in turn benefit biology and medicine. It is anticipated that the research projects that will be most responsive to this PA will require interdisciplinary collaborations among investigators with expertise in a range of disciplines, including but not limited to engineering, physics, chemistry, cellular and molecular biology, materials and computer science. Applications submitted in response to this PA may propose hypothesis-driven, discovery-driven, developmental, or design-directed research.

The purpose of this initiative is to encourage and support investigator- initiated research on neuroscience informatics (neuroinformatics). This research will lead to the development of new web based databases, analytical tools, and knowledge management systems to foster sharing of data for all domains of neuroscience research. This program combines neuroscience and informatics (neuroinformatics) research to develop and apply advanced tools and approaches essential for efficient understanding of the structure, function and development in health and disorders of the nervous system, from the genetic to whole systems level. Research in informatics includes databases, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, information retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, and data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, synthesis, and tools for electronic collaboration. In order for these advanced information technologies to be put to wide use by the neuroscience community, they should be generalizable, scalable, extensible, and interoperable, and be developed in concert with significant neuroscience research.

The Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases (DKUHD) of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), in collaboration with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), invites cooperative agreement applications for two Clinical Coordinating Centers and a Data Coordinating Center to conduct a prospective epidemiological study of children with chronic kidney disease. The primary goals of this study are to determine the risk factors for decline in renal function; the incidence of, and risk factors for, impaired neurocognitive development and function; the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease; and the long-term effects of growth failure and its treatment.

Participating Institutes and Centers (ICs) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite applications for R01 awards to support Bioengineering Research Partnerships (BRPs) for basic and applied multi-disciplinary research that addresses important biological or medical research problems. A BRP is a multi-disciplinary research team applying an integrative, systems approach to develop knowledge and/or methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, or treat disease or to understand health and behavior. The partnership must include appropriate bioengineering or allied quantitative sciences in combination with biomedical and/or clinical investigators. A BRP may propose design-directed, developmental, discovery-driven, or hypothesis-driven research at universities, national laboratories, medical schools, large or small businesses, or other public and private entities or combinations of these entities. On October 11, 2001, NIH issued a related program announcement (PA) PA-02-011 for Bioengineering Research Grants (BRGs). The BRGs differ from the BRPs in that the BRG research will be performed in a single laboratory or by a small number of investigators.

The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite grant applications for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) awards to support research and development of small animal imaging devices and methods that can be applied broadly to research on diverse biological or disease processes. A similar Request for Applications (RFA) for small animal imaging research and development to be supported by individual Research Project Grant (R01) awards can be found at (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-EB-03-002.html). The primary focus of this Program Announcement (PA) is research and development related to devices, methods, and imaging agents for the investigation of biological and disease processes in small animals. The integration of systems and methods with complementary imaging and/or spectroscopy modalities is also included as appropriate to provide anatomic, physiologic, metabolic, and molecular-level information in small animal models of disease. The motivation for this PA is that recent discoveries in genomics and molecular and cell biology have led to the development and wide use of small animal models of human disease. One of the limitations with the use of these models is the need to sacrifice large numbers of animals for ex vivo tissue and molecular analysis. Imaging instrumentation and methods that permit imaging on the scale of small animals offer an opportunity to address this problem by enabling noninvasive investigations of biological processes in vivo. This capability provides the potential for longitudinal studies in the same animal. The coupling of animal models of human disease with advances in imaging technology presents an extraordinary opportunity for biomedical imaging to play an important role in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Several dedicated small animal imaging systems have been developed and a few commercialized, although technological hurdles still exist that limit the realization of the full potential of small animal imaging for biomedical research and drug development. Progress is needed to improve throughput, sensitivity, and spatial and temporal resolution of small animal imaging devices, to provide quantitative information through improved reconstruction methods that incorporate models of physical effects, and to provide improved methods for system validation. System optimization incorporating the design of molecular probes that serve as links to particular biological processes in vivo is also a focus. Further improvements in system design, image processing and analysis software, and data sharing technology, coupled with improvements and innovations in animal handling techniques during imaging, are needed to make small animal imaging technology more accessible to molecular biologists and pharmaceutical scientists desiring to use animal models as tools for biomedical research and drug discovery and development.

This Request for Applications (RFA) solicits applications to plan and develop collaborative research and capacity building projects on brain disorders throughout life relevant to low- and middle-income nations. Applicants are expected to develop innovative, collaborative research programs that would contribute to the long-term goal of building sustainable research capacity in neurological/neurodevelopmental (including sensory, motor, cognitive and behavioral) impairment throughout life. This RFA is joined by the following Institutes and Centers: NIH sponsors include the Fogarty International Center (FIC), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS); for Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and for Mexico, the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa (Conacyt). These sponsoring organizations seek domestic and international collaborative applications which address brain disorders in the developing world and which build research capacity of low- to middle-income countries to address brain disorders within their country or region. This first phase of the "Brain Disorders in The Developing World: Research Across the Lifespan" initiative, beginning in fiscal year 2003 (FY03), will consist of two-year planning/development grants using the R21 grant mechanism. The R21 grant will provide support to initiate preliminary studies and to organize, plan, prepare, and assemble an application for a more comprehensive R01 grant involving collaboration between high-income and low- to middle-income country investigators and which incorporates both research and capacity building. The main goals of the R21 applications should be to assess needs, develop collaborations and needed resources, show feasibility and generate preliminary data for the collaborative research to be proposed in a follow-up R01 submission. The applicants should propose specific milestones and a timeline to meet these goals. During the R21 award period, the applicant should: o further define the type and area of research to be developed; o develop and solidify collaborative relationships and understandings with the partners in the developed and developing countries involved; o assess current resources and needs, such as and including the need for an institutional review board (IRB) for studies involving human subjects; o develop and initiate a plan to address these needs to enable the proposed research and capacity building to be successfully carried out; o identify the training and other capacity-building opportunities to be incorporated into the research application in the context of the proposed research; o initiate cross-training of collaborators where necessary for the proposed research; and o conduct pilot studies and generate preliminary data; Projects should: 1) Involve a partnership between high-income and low-to middle-income country individuals or research teams; 2) lead to pursuit of basic, epidemiological, clinical, prevention, intervention or health services research in the area of brain disorders of relevance to low- to middle-income countries; and 3) build capacity as necessary in the proposed research area to enable further research to take place. An RFA for the second competitive phase of the "Brain Disorders in The Developing World: Research Across the Lifespan" initiative is currently planned to be issued in fiscal year 2005 (FY05), subject to availability of funds. That RFA is planned to provide support for collaborative research and capacity building to high-income and low- to middle-income country partners through the R01 mechanism. The second phase RFA competition, as currently planned, will not be limited to the R21 grantees under this competition, but will be open to all eligible applicants.

This RFA is intended to promote productive re-entry of NIH-trained foreign investigators into their home countries as part of a broader program to enhance the scientific research infrastructure in developing countries, to stimulate research on a wide variety of high priority health-related issues in these countries, and to advance NIH efforts to address health issues of global import. The specific goal of this initiative is to provide funding opportunities for the increasing pool of foreign biomedical and behavioral scientists, clinical investigators, nurses, and other health professionals with state-of-the-art knowledge of research methods to advance critical issues in global health upon their return to their home countries. After their term of research training, developing country participants supported by this RFA are expected to continue independent and productive scientific careers, including expert training and consultation and/or research of biomedical issues within their home institutions.

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) seek developmental planning grant applications for the establishment of an infrastructure for eventual Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Centers (MDCRCs). This initiative supports the planning of new or expansion of existing resources for future competitive MDCRCs. These planning grants will enable applicants to effectively organize and integrate multidisciplinary research capacities and core resources to enhance collaborations of basic, clinical, and behavioral science in muscular dystrophy research and to promote cross-disciplinary research training. Participation in this RFA will not itself be a factor in the review of any Center application. Investigators may respond to current (e.g., RFA AR03- 001) or future solicitations for center grant applications without first having participated in this developmental planning initiative. Investigators interested in applying for support of muscular dystrophy research using mechanisms other than centers or this developmental planning initiative should see NIH PAS01-041, "Therapeutic and Pathogenic Approaches for the Muscular Dystrophies" (http://www.niams.nih.gov/rtac/funding/grants/pa/pas_01_041.pdf).

This PA solicits applications to develop new genetic-based methods and technologies for the purpose of mapping functional neuronal circuits and synaptic changes in the mammalian nervous system. Emerging genetic and transgenic technologies can be used to single out functionally related cells or neuronal populations for analysis or intervention. This PA would support the development of genetic-based tools to map neuronal interconnectivity, to monitor functional changes, or to drive functional changes within neuronal circuits as the first step in an effort by the NIH to create integrated genomic and functional connectivity maps of the mammalian nervous system. Other corollary efforts needed to generate integrated connectivity maps such as improved neuroinformatics and the development of a large consortia of investigators, however, are outside the scope of this program announcement. Wide distribution to the scientific community of the methods and resulting resources developed under this program is essential for the eventual goal of creating large-scale functional connectivity maps of the mammalian nervous system. The unrestricted distribution of methods and resources developed under this program will also facilitate the rapid transfer of technology for the development of diagnostic tools and treatment interventions for brain disease.