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The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) invite research grant applications aimed at understanding or treating Rett Syndrome (RTT). The recent demonstration that mutations in the MeCP2 gene cause most cases of RTT has created new opportunities for both basic and clinical research. Included within the scope of this PA are developmental, molecular genetic, and pathophysiological research, therapy development projects and clinical studies. Studies of the role of MeCP2 in basic biological processes or in the etiology of other neurological or neurobehavioral disorders are also appropriate.

The above sponsoring Institutes and Agencies invite research grant applications in response to this Program Announcement with Set-aside (PAS) that will enhance our understanding of children exposed to domestic violence, community violence, and war/terrorism. This PA is designed to develop new knowledge in these areas and in the definition, identification, epidemiology, prevention, etiology, effects, early intervention, and mechanisms of violence exposure. This PA builds on recommendations from a recent multi-agency research agenda-building workshop held in Washington, DC in July 2002. A complete summary of the meeting presentations and recommendations is available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/crmc/cdb/cdb.htm. Child exposure to violence is a serious public health, justice, social services, and education problem. Such exposure not only compromises the immediate health of children around the world, but also affects their growth and intellectual development, their long-term physical and mental health outcomes, their propensity for prosocial or antisocial behavior and substance abuse, their future relationships with partners and children, and their economic productivity as eventual wage earners. The need for more systematic and multi-disciplinary research in these areas provides the impetus for this PA. Although not participating in this program announcement, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) shares an interest in this area of research. For specific information on NIMH interests, see http://www.nimh.nih.gov/grants/nimhviotrauma.cfm.

The goal of this Program Announcement (PA) is to promote the identification of susceptibility genes for complex neurological and neurobehavioral disorders. For this PA, complex disorders are defined as those caused by the interaction of multiple genes, or by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. Many of these disorders are relatively common and clinically heterogeneous. Projects focusing on any phase of the gene discovery process, from initial patient ascertainment to positional cloning, are appropriate. Novel approaches, including the use of intermediate phenotypes that potentially underlie complex disorders, are also encouraged.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite applications for Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Awards (K08s), or Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Awards (K23s) from physicians and basic scientists interested in pursuing research related to HIV infection of the nervous system. The intent of this Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage research and career development for individuals with a strong commitment to a research career in the area of NeuroAIDS, either in one of the basic sciences relevant to NeuroAIDS or in clinically-oriented research. Research related to the neuropathogenesis, the role of viral or host genetic factors, inflammatory mechanisms, peripheral neuropathy, or neurological dysfunction in the setting of anti-retroviral therapy is of particular interest.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites applications for individual postdoctoral National Research Service Award fellowships (F32s) from physicians and basic scientists interested in pursuing research related to HIV infection of the nervous system. The intent of this Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage research and career development for individuals with a strong commitment to a research career in the area of NeuroAIDS, either in one of the basic sciences relevant to NeuroAIDS or in clinically-oriented research. Research related to the neuropathogenesis, the role of viral or host genetic factors, inflammatory mechanisms, peripheral neuropathy, or neurological dysfunction in the setting of anti- retroviral therapy is of particular interest. This PA follows the NRSA rules and regulations as outlined in "RUTH L. KIRSCHSTEIN NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDS FOR INDIVIDUAL POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS (F32)" PA-03-067 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-067.html).

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invite applications to promote research into the role of neuroinflammation in the initiation and expansion of cellular injury and death in the context of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence indicates that microglial and astrocytic activation results in the release of excitotoxins, arachidonic acid metabolites, reactive oxygen species, cytokines and chemokines that lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected individuals. The intent of this PAS is to intensify interest and investigator-initiated research, to attract new investigators to this field, and to mobilize interdisciplinary approaches.

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite applications dealing with nervous system control of reproduction. The purpose of this PA is to stimulate the development of new technologies and the application of existing innovative technologies to answer questions regarding the neuroendocrine control of reproduction that, up to this point, could not be answered due to limitations in technology. Answers to these questions are particularly critical for human reproduction given the increased evidence for altered neuroendocrine function as an etiological underpinning for certain reproductive diseases and disorders.

The National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) the Office of Rare Diseases, National Institutes of Health (ORD, NIH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) invite applications for Rare Diseases Clinical Research Centers (RDCRCs) and a Data and Technology Coordinating Center (DTCC), which together will form the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. The purpose of this cooperative research network is to facilitate clinical research in rare diseases through support for 1) collaborative clinical research in rare diseases, including longitudinal studies of individuals with rare diseases, clinical studies, phase one and two trials, and/or pilot and demonstration projects; 2) training of clinical investigators in rare diseases research; 3) a test bed for distributed clinical data management that incorporates novel approaches and technologies for data management, data mining, and data sharing across rare diseases, data types, and platforms; and 4) access to information related to rare diseases for basic and clinical researchers, academic and practicing physicians, patients, and the lay public. Each RDCRC must include a consortium of clinical investigators, institutions, GCRCs, and relevant organizations, including patient support organizations, for the study of a subgroup of rare diseases. The DTCC, a collaboration between data base and computational/computer science innovators, will provide a scalable coordinated clinical data management system for collection, storage, and analysis of data of RDCRCs, a portal and tools for integration of developed and publicly available datasets for data mining at RDCRCs, web based recruitment and referral, and a user friendly resource site for the public, research scientists, and clinicians. This cooperative program should facilitate identification of biomarkers for disease risk, disease severity/activity, and clinical outcome and encourage development of new approaches to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of rare diseases.

Participating Institutes and Centers (ICs) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite applications for Exploratory/Developmental Bioengineering Research Grants (EBRG) to support innovative, high risk/high impact bioengineering research in new areas that are lacking preliminary testing or development. This research can explore approaches and concepts new to a particular substantive area; research and development of new technologies, techniques or methods; or initial research and development of data upon which significant future research may be built. While this program announcement (PA) is intended to encourage innovation and high impact research, and while minimal preliminary data are expected to be described in the application, applications should clearly indicate the significance of the proposed work and that the proposed research and/or development is scientifically sound, that the qualifications of the investigators are appropriate, and that resources available to the investigators are adequate.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is continuing to make a special effort to stimulate research in educational institutions that provide baccalaureate or advanced training for a significant number of the Nation's research scientists but that have not been major recipients of NIH support. Since Fiscal Year (FY) 1985, Congressional appropriations for the NIH have included funds for this initiative, which NIH has implemented through the Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) program. Based on the expectation that funds will continue to be available each year, the NIH invites applications for AREA grants (R15) through a standing, an ongoing Program Announcement (PA). AREA funds are intended to support new ("type 1") and continuing ("renewal" or "competing continuation" or "type 2") health-related research projects proposed by faculty members of eligible schools and components of domestic institutions. The AREA will enable qualified scientists to receive support for small-scale research projects. These grants are intended to create a research opportunity for scientists and institutions otherwise unlikely to participate extensively in NIH programs to support the Nation's biomedical and behavioral research effort. It is anticipated that investigators supported under the AREA program will benefit from the opportunity to conduct independent research; that the grantee institution will benefit from a research environment strengthened through AREA grants and furthered by participation in the diverse extramural programs of the NIH; and that students will benefit from exposure to and participation in research and be encouraged to pursue graduate studies in the health sciences.