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The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) invite qualified investigators to submit grant applications for the establishment of National Centers for Neurofibromatosis Research. Recent discoveries have created important opportunities for basic, translational, and clinical research on the neurofibromatoses. The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage the formation and development of research centers that can capitalize on these opportunities, and ultimately develop therapeutic interventions for neurofibromatosis patients. These centers are intended to provide focused expertise and resources, and establish a multi-disciplinary environment that will accelerate research progress.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) encourage the scientific community to use proteomics technologies to study type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its complications. Proteomic technologies have been successfully used for the identification of cancer biomarkers, for the identification of novel drug targets and for studying several biological processes relevant to human health. High throughput metabolic profiling has been recently implemented for metabolomic studies. However, as of today these technologies have been applied to study T1D and its complication only in a limited way. Moreover, currently available proteomic and metabolomic technologies represent a great opportunity for advancing the field of T1D and its complications. This RFA intends to promote the use of these technologies to study T1D and its complications emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts between investigators with expertise in proteomics or metabolomics and investigators with expertise in T1D.

The purpose of the NIH Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34) is to provide support for the development of a Phase III clinical trial, including the establishment of the research team, the development of tools for data management and oversight of the research, the definition of recruitment strategies, and the finalization of the protocol and other essential elements of the study included in a manual of operations/procedures. The Clinical Trial Planning Grant is not designed for the collection of preliminary data or the conduct of pilot studies to support the rationale for a clinical trial. An NIH-defined Phase III clinical trial is a broadly based prospective clinical investigation, usually involving several hundred or more human subjects, for the purpose of evaluating an experimental intervention in comparison with a standard or control intervention or comparing two or more existing treatments. Often, the aim of such investigation is to provide evidence leading to a scientific basis for consideration of a change in health policy or standard of care. The definition includes pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and behavioral interventions for disease prevention, prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy. Community- and other population-based intervention trials also are included. The planning grant is designed to permit early peer review of the rationale and design of the proposed clinical trial and to provide support for the development of a detailed Manual of Procedures (MOP) including all elements essential to the launching of a trial. Investigators wishing to apply for an R34 grant should be aware that individual ICs may have specific requirements for this funding mechanism and, therefore, should consult IC staff to determine if an application is appropriate. NIH Offices that participate in this PA (ORWH, OBSSR, ORD, ODS) are listed but do not have funding authority and must work through an Institute or Center.

This Program Announcement replaces PA-02-003. The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage submission of new research project grant (R01) and exploratory/developmental grant (R21) applications to research and develop innovative technologies, methodologies, or instrumentation for basic or clinical studies of the brain or behavior in human or non-human animals. Also solicited are applications for support to research, develop, and significantly enhance existing technologies that are important to understanding the brain or behavior.

This Program Announcement (PA) provides updated guidelines for National Institutes of Health (NIH) support of scientific meetings. It replaces the previous guidelines issued in the NIH GUIDE on October 30, 1998, http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98-151.html and is effective with the December 15th receipt date for cycle III applications. An NIH Conference Grant Website has been created to centralize information regarding grants for scientific meetings and conferences, at http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/r13/index.htm. This site includes contact information for the participating NIH Institutes and Centers and Offices and links to detailed information regarding specific interests and funding parameters. This site and related links is updated frequently and interested parties should check periodically for the most current information. A major revision made in this announcement is the requirement that applications for conference grant support present a letter from the appropriate NIH Institute/Center (IC) staff documenting advance permission to submit an R13 or U13 application. As a streamlining measure, there are now three annual receipt dates for all applications for support of scientific meetings, and decisions about awards will normally be made within six months of submission.

This PAR replaces PAR-01-119. The NINDS is committed to identifying effective treatments for neurological disorders by supporting well-executed clinical trials. Before a definitive clinical trial can be designed, preliminary clinical studies are often required. The NINDS announces its interest in supporting studies required to obtain necessary information to establish clearly the clinical basis for proceeding to a definitive trial. The purpose of the PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS LEADING TO OPTIMAL TRIALS IN NEUROLOGY grant (for brevity referred to as NINDS Preliminary Clinical Trials grant) is to obtain preliminary data and conduct studies to support the rationale for a subsequent definitive clinical trial of an intervention to treat or prevent neurological disease.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) invite applications for studies on the cellular and molecular signaling between the local environment within organisms and stem and progenitor cells that are either introduced as transplants or are normally resident within host tissues and organs. The objective of this initiative is to promote a thorough exploration and characterization of the bi-directional communication between multipotent cells and the three-dimensional local milieu or niche that they encounter in vivo under normal and compromised states, such as with aging or following injury, disease or drug exposure. Of particular interest is the rigorous characterization of how interactions with localized cues in space and time regulate stem cell survival, migration, replication and 'plasticity' in the nervous system and other parts of the body. Projects that address comparisons between the responses of stem cells within niches in the developing and mature or aging nervous system in vivo, or in host microenvironments modified by injury, disease, or by exposure to drugs and alcohol would also be directly relevant to this Program Announcement with Set-aside (PAS), as are studies to compare different classes of stem cells or progeny at progressively more advanced stages of differentiation when placed in the same sites in vivo.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), along with the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), invite applications to advance our understanding of the neurobiology of persistent pain mediated by the trigeminal nerve and to develop effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate pain associated with disorders of myofascial, nervous, or skeletal tissues of the head and face, which are innervated by this nerve. The purpose of this initiative is to foster research that addresses the mechanisms of pain onset, chronic pain conditions, and responsiveness to pain therapy through novel basic and clinical research. Current knowledge of the neurobiology and neurochemistry of nociception, pain modulation and pain perception needs to be further developed and correlated with clinical manifestations of craniofacial pain to improve therapeutic strategies. This Program Announcement with Set-Aside funds (PAS) contributes to the goals of the NIH Pain Consortium, which is co- chaired by NINDS, NIDCR, and the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR).

This Program Announcement (PA) replaces PA-00-105 and PA-00-106. Under this PA, the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke invite research grant applications to expand basic and translational research on the processes and mechanisms involved in the experience and expression of emotion.

The goal of this Program Announcement with set-aside funds (PAS) is to invite applications for studying the neurobiological and cerebrovascular mechanisms through which the neuroprotective blood-brain and blood-csf barriers function in the healthy and diseased adult, aged and pediatric brain. Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) research embodies the true meaning of a "translational model" of neuroscience wherein breakthroughs in basic neuroscience are delivered to the clinic and require an agent delivery strategy and/or the ability to target specific areas of the brain. This PAS encourages studies focused on improving our understanding of the neuroprotective CNS barriers and enhancing the effectiveness of drug and gene delivery strategies for treatment of neurological diseases. Chief among the challenges to be addressed is the need to increase our knowledge about the molecular and cellular biology, cells of origin, gene and protein expression, and the regional differences of brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes and their interactions with adjacent brain cells.