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A central goal of the BRAIN Initiative is to understand how electrical and chemical signals code information in neural circuits and give rise to sensations, thoughts, emotions and actions. While currently available technologies can provide some understanding, they may not be sufficient to accomplish this goal. For example, non-invasive technologies are low resolution and/or provide indirect measures such as blood flow, which are imprecise; invasive technologies can provide information at the level of single neurons producing the fundamental biophysical signals, but they can only be applied to tens or hundreds of neurons, out of a total number in the human brain estimated at 85 billion.

The NIH Research Education Program (R25) supports research education activities in the mission areas of the NIH.The over-arching goal of this NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research R25 program is to support educational activities that complement and/or enhance the training of a workforce to meet the nations biomedical, behavioral and clinical research needs.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) invites applications for institutional research capacity building programs from entities/institutions in Institutional Development Award (IDeA)-eligible States that propose to support a team of experts to engage and implement pediatric clinical trials. The program aims to provide research infrastructure as well as supervised professional development in research and clinical trial implementation to assist institutions in IDeA-eligible States in establishing and maintaining pediatric clinical trial teams. The institutions that successfully compete to become an IDeA State pediatric clinical trials site will be integrated with a Data Coordinating and Operations Center (DCOC) to form a research network to conduct multicenter study of pediatric conditions and disease processes. The proposed activities will provide the infrastructure and resources needed to initiate and participate in pediatric clinical trials and that will enhance the competitiveness of the investigators to obtain additional funding for pediatric clinical research. The IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network is being created to investigate all diseases and conditions relevant to the pediatric population, but priority will be given to the four focus areas of the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program which include: 1) upper and lower airway disease; 2) obesity; 3) pre-, peri-, and postnatal outcomes; and 4) neurodevelopment.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) invites applications from investigators willing to participate under a cooperative agreement as the Data Coordinating and Operations Center (DCOC) in a multicenter clinical program, the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) designed to carry out clinical research in pediatric populations. This Network is being created to investigate any diseases and conditions relevant to the pediatric population, but priority will be given to the four focus areas of the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program which include: 1) upper and lower airway disease; 2) obesity; 3) pre-, peri-, and postnatal outcomes; and 4) neurodevelopment.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite applications for the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Patient Reported Outcomes Research Resource Center Core (ECHO PRO Core). Working collaboratively with the other members of the ECHO Consortium and the Pediatric Patient Reported Outcomes in Chronic Diseases (PEPR) Consortium (see below), the ECHO PRO Core will conduct research (including development and validation of new instruments) and provide research services and resources to all ECHO Cohort Sites and Centers. The ECHO PRO Core will provide psychometric and medical expertise in the development, selection and use of PROs, child patient reported outcomes (cPROs), and proxy PROs for the evaluation of health and disease in children and other subjects being studied by the ECHO Cohort Sites. This FOA is one of seven companion FOAs that will establish the elements of the ECHO Consortium. Clinical Sites will collect clinical data and specimens from well-characterized participants. A Data Analysis Center (DAC) will oversee data standardization, integration, and storage, and will implement data sharing and computational tools for the integrated analysis of clinical and laboratory data. Overall coordination will be provided by an ECHO Coordinating Center (CC). Awardees will comprise the ECHO Consortium and must work collaboratively to plan and execute a large study to discover and characterize the impact of the environment on child health and disease. The product will be a publically available data resource that will enhance and accelerate subsequent mechanistic research on childhood diseases and conditions affected by environmental influences.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is soliciting applications to support existing cohorts to address how pre-, peri-, and post-natal environmental exposures impact childhood development and health outcomes as part of the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. Increasing evidence suggests that exposures early in life (e.g. nicotine, diet, microbiome) can result in health deficits and lead to life-long consequences. The purpose of this FOA is to leverage and build upon existing cohort infrastructure to prospectively investigate the role of early life exposures and underlying biological mechanisms in childhood health and disease. This FOA runs in parallel with companion FOAs that solicit applications for the Coordinating Center (RFA-OD-16-006), Data Analysis Center (RFA-OD-16-005), Patient/Person Reported Outcomes Core (RFA-OD-16-003), Administrative Supplements to the Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (PA-16-046), IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (RFA-OD-16-002 and RFA-OD-16-001), and a Genetics Core to be released in FY17. Funding for an exploratory UG3 phase will be used for planning, feasibility testing, and developing study documents, including the study protocol and Manual of Procedures. UG3 projects that have met milestones will be administratively considered for transition to the UH3 implementation phase. Applicants responding to this FOA must address objectives for both the UG3 and UH3 phases.

The purpose of this FOA is to support a Data Analysis Center (DAC) for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. The ECHO DAC will provide the data repository and the data analysis functions for all common ECHO activities. NIH is establishing the new ECHO program to investigate the longitudinal impact of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental exposures on pediatric health outcomes with high public health impact. To do so, NIH will support multiple synergistic, prospective longitudinal studies using extant cohorts that represent variable environmental exposures (e.g., physical, chemical, biological, behavioral, social). These studies will collaborate on standardization and collection of core data elements to answer research questions of how environmental exposures impact one or more of four key pediatric outcomes. The program will be overseen by a Steering Committee of Investigators and an NIH Program Director, and an External Scientific Board. A separate, but related research effort, will support an IDeA States National Pediatric Clinical Research Network to help address access gaps for rural children by leveraging the infrastructure at existing IDeA state centers. ECHO is being supported through 7 FOAs, including this FOA inviting applications for the ECHO Data Analysis Center. In addition, FOAs are being released to solicit applications to support new research questions for existing cohorts (Pediatric Cohorts), a Coordinating Center, a Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) Core, an IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Research Network Data Coordination and Operating Center, and IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Research Network Sites, as well as supplements to the Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR).

The purpose of this FOA is to support a Coordinating Center for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. The ECHO Coordinating Center will provide the organizational framework for the management, direction, and overall coordination of all common ECHO activities.

The focus of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to better understand how existing non-invasive neuromodulation devices affect brain circuity. This information should shed light on dose/response relationships that could be used for neuroscience applications and clinical interventions.

The purpose of this FOA is to encourage submission of Exploratory/Developmental Bioengineering Research Grants (EBRG) applications which establish the feasibility of technologies, techniques or methods that: 1) explore a new multidisciplinary approach to a biomedical challenge; 2) are high-risk but have high impact; and 3) develop data that may lead to significant future research. An EBRG application may propose hypothesis-driven, discovery-driven, developmental, or design-directed research and is appropriate for evaluating unproven approaches for which there is minimal or no preliminary data.