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The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to inform the scientific community of the pain research interests of the various Institutes and Centers (ICs) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and to stimulate and foster a wide range of basic, clinical, and translational studies on pain as they relate to the missions of these ICs. New advances are needed in every area of pain research, from the micro perspective of molecular sciences to the macro perspective of behavioral and social sciences. Although great strides have been made in some areas, such as the identification of neural pathways of pain, the experience of pain and the challenge of treatment have remained uniquely individual and unsolved. Furthermore, our understanding of how and why individuals transition to a chronic pain state after an acute injury is limited. Research to address these issues conducted by interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research teams is strongly encouraged, as is research from underrepresented, minority, disabled, or women investigators.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to inform the scientific community of the pain research interests of the various Institutes and Centers (ICs) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and to stimulate and foster a wide range of basic, clinical, and translational studies on pain as they relate to the missions of these ICs. New advances are needed in every area of pain research, from the micro perspective of molecular sciences to the macro perspective of behavioral and social sciences. Although great strides have been made in some areas, such as the identification of neural pathways of pain, the experience of pain and the challenge of treatment have remained uniquely individual and unsolved. Furthermore, our understanding of how and why individuals transition to a chronic pain state after an acute injury is limited. Research to address these issues conducted by interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research teams is strongly encouraged, as is research from underrepresented, minority, disabled, or women investigators.

This funding opportunity is intended to provide support through an administrative supplement to existing Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) awardees whose projects encompass the implementation of clinical trials. Through this supplement, NCATS intends to provide support for phase 1 and/or 2 clinical trial sites that will test the potential use of an existing molecule for the treatment of a rare disease as part of a multi-site international E-Rare-3 trial.

This funding opportunity announcement invites research grant applications focused on: identifying HIV-1-infected cells in the central nervous system (CNS) compartment that are latently infected; developing strategies for targeting these latently infected cells; and aiming to achieve viral silencing leading to inhibition of viral production, without the need for pro-viral reactivation.

This funding opportunity announcement invites research grant applications focused on: identifying HIV-1-infected cells in the central nervous system (CNS) compartment that are latently infected; developing strategies for targeting these latently infected cells; and aiming to achieve viral silencing leading to inhibition of viral production, without the need for pro-viral reactivation.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) announces the availability of a one-time administrative supplement for clinical research awards from limited NIH Institutes and Centers and for specific types of awards, listed above in 'Activity Codes', to support research on sleep disturbance and chronic pain. The proposed activities may include the addition of: sleep assessment to clinical studies of pain; pain assessment to clinical studies of sleep; measures of sleep and/or pain for clinical studies already incorporating sleep and/or pain measures; additional data collection time points for clinical studies already incorporating sleep and/or pain measures; or secondary data analysis of clinical studies to explore contributions of sleep disturbances to chronic pain as long as the research objectives are within the original scope of the peer reviewed and approved project and can be completed within the remaining funding period. The final goal of the supplement should be a contribution to methods or understanding needed for future larger scale studies that directly investigate the interactions between sleep disturbances and chronic pain.

The NIH Research Project Grant supports a discrete, specified, circumscribed project in areas representing the specific interests and competencies of the investigator(s). The proposed project must be related to the programmatic interests of one or more of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) based on their scientific missions.

The NIH Exploratory/Developmental Grant supports exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early and conceptual stages of these projects. These studies may involve considerable risk but may lead to a breakthrough in a particular area, or to the development of novel techniques, agents, methodologies, models, or applications that could have a major impact on a field of biomedical, behavioral, or clinical research.

The NIH Small Research Grant Program supports small research projects that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources. This program supports different types of projects including pilot and feasibility studies; secondary analysis of existing data; small, self-contained research projects; development of research methodology; and development of new research technology.

This FOA encourages applications for exploratory clinical trials of investigational agents (drugs, biologics, surgical therapies or devices) that may contribute to the justification for and provide the data required for designing a future trial, for biomarker validation studies, or for proof of mechanism clinical studies. Diseases chosen for study should be based on the NINDS' strategic plan and clinical research interests (www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/areas/index.htm). Successful applicants will be given access to the NeuroNEXT infrastructure. Following peer review, NINDS will prioritize and order trials that are given access to the NeuroNEXT infrastructure. The NeuroNEXT Clinical Coordinating Center (CCC) will work with the successful applicant to efficiently implement the proposed study. The NeuroNEXT Data Coordinating Center (DCC) will provide statistical and data management support. The NeuroNEXT clinical sites will provide recruitment/retention support as well as on-site implementation of the clinical protocol. Applicants do not need to be part of the existing NeuroNEXT infrastructure.