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This is a reissuance of RFA DK-03-001. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) invite applications involving partnerships between clinical and basic biomedical researchers with the goal of translating advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of type 1 diabetes and its complications into new therapies for the prevention, treatment and cure of this disease. In these "bench to bedside" research partnerships, a team of clinical and basic scientists will conduct collaborative research that, if successful, will bring basic research advances from the laboratory to a point where a potential new therapy can be tested in patients or in preclinical studies in animal models.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites applications for basic studies that define therapeutic opportunities during the progressive stages of spinal cord injury (SCI) from acute through chronic time points. Although numerous neuroprotective and repair strategies have been identified that improve anatomical or functional outcome after SCI in animal models, the causal relationship between cellular or anatomical findings and functional outcomes has not been established. This RFA seeks research to 1) elucidate the mechanisms that underlie recovery induced by neuroprotection or repair strategies in animal models, 2) define progressive changes in acute, subacute or chronic stages after SCI that influence cell survival, regeneration, sprouting and/or recovery of function, 3) target therapeutic strategies in animal models to clinically-relevant stages and types of SCI, based on known pathophysiological processes, anatomical or functional/clinical outcomes.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invite applications for basic and clinical studies to enhance understanding and prevention of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes. Large clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of intensified glucose control in the prevention of the long-term vascular complication of diabetes. However, episodes of severe hypoglycemia may complicate intensified treatment and are often a major obstacle to the achievement of euglycemia in many patients. This RFA seeks basic and clinical studies to 1) enhance understanding of how the brain and other critical tissues sense and respond to hypoglycemia, 2) delineate the effects of hypoglycemia on brain function and 3) develop improved methodologies to prevent hypoglycemia, based on an understanding of physiological glucose sensing and counterregulation.

With this Announcement, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association (ALSA) invite research grant applications that address the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

The purpose of this biobehavioral pain research program announcement (PA) is to inform the scientific community of the interests of the various institutes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and to stimulate and foster a wide range of basic and clinical studies on pain as they relate to the missions of these Institutes. Applications are encouraged to study individual differences in pain responses that may be due to factors such as genetic differences, endocrine activity, neural activity, immune function, psychological state, developmental stage, cognitive capacity, disability state, age, gender, social context and cultural background. The pain experience needs to be examined at all levels of research including the gene, molecule, cell, organ, and individual with the goal of developing biobehavioral interventions to manage or prevent pain.

This RFA provides support for the establishment of a Resuscitation Research Consortium to conduct clinical research in the areas of cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic injury leading to arrest. This Clinical Research Consortium (the Consortium), consisting of up to seven Regional Clinical Centers (RCCs) and a Data and Coordinating Center (DCC), will provide the necessary infrastructure to conduct multiple collaborative trials to aid rapid translation of promising scientific and clinical advances to improve resuscitation outcomes. Trials may evaluate existing or new therapies (such as pharmacologic interventions, strategies of fluid resuscitation, and the use of immunomodulators), defined or proposed clinical management strategies (such as bleeding control strategies, the use of cerebral protection and neurologic preservation, metabolically directed therapies, and alternative CPR approaches), or a combination of the two. For the purpose of this document, cardiopulmonary arrest is defined as primary cardiopulmonary collapse. Traumatic arrest is defined as trauma leading to or threatening cardiopulmonary collapse. Resuscitation research is defined as the field of investigation that attempts to provide the best and most effective treatment for arrest patients.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Eye Institute (NEI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), and the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) invite applications to support collaborations between investigators who focus their research efforts on type 1 diabetes or its complications and researchers from other research areas with expertise relevant to type 1 diabetes research. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to attract new research talent to type 1 diabetes research, strengthen the ongoing efforts of type 1 diabetes researchers by providing access to specialized expertise or technologies relevant to their research, and facilitate the formation of interdisciplinary research partnerships to investigate significant biological and medical problems associated with type 1 diabetes. Applications should propose collaborative research partnerships between independent principal investigators, at least one currently pursuing research relevant to type 1 diabetes and one (or more) with expertise relevant to some aspect of type 1 diabetes that is not currently being applied by the investigator to research on this disease. This RFA encourages type 1 diabetes researchers to act as "talent scouts" by identifying and recruiting leading scientists with relevant scientific expertise to the field of type 1 diabetes research. A similar RFA (DK-02-023) was issued in 2002. We anticipate that a future solicitation will provide an opportunity for expanded support for successful collaborations funded through the current RFA.

Over the past nine years the NSF, the NIH, and other federal agencies, have supported the development of network-based virtual laboratories, following the recommendations of the 1993 National Research Council (NRC) report National Collaboratories: Applying Information Technology for Scientific Research. As described in the NRC report, collaboratories are expected to improve the speed and output of scientific research through Internet access to instruments, data, and colleagues independent of time and place. Many of the early collaboratory projects focused on remote control of distant equipment with less emphasis on data. Changes since 1993 in both the character of biomedical and chemical research, and in underlying computer and network technologies suggest a re-examination of the collaboratory concept with increased attention to data flow from acquisition to deposition in a data repository, data reuse after deposition, and integration of data across various repositories and databases. The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to invite proposals to develop tools and techniques to harness the unprecedented volume of data generated by collaborations among researchers. Proposals dealing with data from either research laboratories or from the clinical laboratories are welcome. Using these new tools and techniques, it is expected that two or more laboratories will be able to productively collaborate in ways that are not currently possible.

This is a program announcement (PA) with set-aside funds. The PA is designed to stimulate and support research on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Parkinson's related neurological conditions (PRNC). Support will be for research on PD and PRNC patients as well as patients in appropriate comparison groups and/or healthy control subjects. Responsive applications could deal with the following areas: natural history of symptoms studies, mechanistic studies of the sleep disturbances in PD and PRNC, associated sleep disorders such as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and studies of the sleep- related effects of pharmacotherapies for PD and PRNC. The timing and scope of this PA are predicated on recent research and clinical findings indicating promising new directions for the diagnosis and care of patients with PD and PRNC.

The Office of Research Integrity (ORI, DHHS), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS, NIH), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR, NIH), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, NIH), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, DHHS) invite applications to support research on research integrity. The purpose of the proposed grant program is to foster empirical research on societal, organizational, group, and individual factors that affect, both positively and negatively, integrity in research. Proposals must have clear relevance to biomedical, behavioral and health services research. Applicants are strongly encouraged to take into consideration problems or issues that are relevant to the missions of DHHS, NIH, or specific NIH institutes and programs. For the purposes of this RFA, "research" is interpreted broadly to include societal, organizational, group, and individual aspects of the enterprise. "Integrity" is understood as "the use of honest and verifiable methods in proposing, performing, and evaluating research in reporting research results with particular attention to adherence to rules, regulations, guidelines, and commonly accepted professional codes or norms."