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Purpose. The goal of the International Neuroscience Fellowship (INF) is to advance the training of qualified foreign neuroscientists and clinicians at the early or mid-career level, by enhancing their basic, translational or clinical research skills in a research setting in the United States (U.S.). This program aims to strengthen the intellectual capital of neuroscience research in international institutions. Awardees are expected to pursue future independent and productive careers, which stimulate research in the neurosciences on a global scale. Mechanism of Support. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will utilize the international research fellowship (F05) grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. The Fogarty International Center (FIC), together with the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC/NCIPC), and Department of Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability Non-communicable Diseases and Mental Health World Health Organization, solicits new and renewal applications in the Fogarty International Collaborative Trauma and Injury Research Training Program (TRAUMA). The application must propose a collaborative research training program that will strengthen the capacity of institutions in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), defined by the World Bank classification system, to conduct human trauma and injury research. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the National Institutes of Health (NIH) international research training D43 grant mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The estimated amount of funds available from all collaborating partners for support of an anticipated 9 projects awarded as a result of this announcement is $2,000,000.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) encourages research grant applications to support research designed to elucidate the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Basic, clinical, and applied studies are encouraged. This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Strategic Plan for ASD Research (http://iacc.hhs.gov/reports/2009/iacc-strategic-plan-for-autism-spectru…). Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with two FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-10-159 and PA-10-160, which encourage applications under the R03 and R21 mechanisms, respectively. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) encourages research grant applications to support research designed to elucidate the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Basic, clinical, and applied studies are encouraged. This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Strategic Plan for ASD Research (http://iacc.hhs.gov/reports/2009/iacc-strategic-plan-for-autism-spectru…). The R21 grant mechanism is intended to encourage exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early and conceptual stages of these projects. These studies may involve considerable risk but may lead to a breakthrough in a particular area, or to the development of novel techniques, agents, methodologies, models, or applications that could have a major impact on biomedical, behavioral, or clinical research. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with FOAs of identical scientific scope, PA-10-158 and PA-10-159, which encourage applications under the R01 and R03 mechanisms, respectively. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. The NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research is a framework to enhance cooperative activities among the NIH Office of the Director and 15 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system (for further information, see http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/). This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is released in affiliation with the Neuroscience Blueprint, with Institutes and Centers participating independently. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose to develop innovative neuroscience educational tools to be used by or benefit children in kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12). Educational tools can be designed using any media (e.g., paper, electronic, etc.) or format (e.g., simulations, games, videos, notebooks, etc.) for use in or out of school settings, targeting children in groups or alone, with or without adult or teacher participation. Innovative neuroscience educational tools should promote neuroscience knowledge acquisition and application of that knowledge to ones own life, promote an interest in neuroscience learning and careers, and present a positive and realistic representation of the diversity of people who engage in neuroscience-related research and occupations. Educational tools targeted to increase the diversity of students (i.e., Native American, Black, Hispanic, female, disabled, or otherwise underrepresented) pursuing neuroscience learning are especially encouraged. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the SBIR (R43/R44) grant mechanisms for Phase I, Phase II, and Fast-Track applications. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. The goal of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA), from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to support preclinical development of new therapies to cure epilepsy, prevent the emergence of epilepsy following brain injury (including status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, stroke, encephalitis, or other injury) or in other high-risk groups, or to better treat individuals with intractable epilepsy. The program will facilitate solicitation, development, and review of therapy-directed projects to accelerate the translation of basic research discoveries into therapeutic candidates for clinical testing. This program is specifically directed at projects that include therapeutic leads with demonstrated activity against the intended disease target. The program supports preclinical optimization and testing of these leads and projects must be sufficiently advanced that an IND or IDE application to the FDA can be submitted by the end of the project period. The program does not support early-stage therapeutic discovery activities such as high throughput screening. The program also excludes clinical research, basic research, and studies of disease mechanism. This is a milestone-driven cooperative agreement program involving participation of NIH staff in the development of the project plan and monitoring of research progress. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the U01 Cooperative Agreement mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-143, that encourages applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NINDS funding plan for this FOA will support up to $3.6 million total costs, which is sufficient for at least one new application per year for 3 years. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.

Purpose. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA), from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) encourages applications for projects intended to complete preliminary steps in the pipeline for the preclinical development of therapeutics to cure epilepsy, prevent the emergence of epilepsy following brain injury (including status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, stroke, encephalitis, or other injury) or in other high-risk groups, or to better treat individuals with intractable epilepsy. Such projects, if successful, should lead directly to a subsequent project that will include all remaining activities for submission of an Investigational New Drug (IND) or Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Only Aims required for therapy development can be supported in this program. This program excludes clinical research, basic research, and studies of disease mechanisms. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will use the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) award mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of identical scientific scope, PAR-10-144, that encourages applications under the Cooperative Agreement (U01) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The NINDS funding plan for this FOA will support up to $900,000 total costs, which is sufficient for at least one new application per year for 3 years. Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

Purpose. This FOA invites R01 applications for mechanistic studies in clinical trials of: (1) immunomodulatory interventions for immune system mediated diseases, including, but not limited to: asthma and allergic diseases; graft rejection in solid organ, cell, and tissue transplantation; graft versus host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; and chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and immunodeficiency diseases; and (2) preventative and therapeutic, vaccines for non-HIV/AIDS infectious diseases, including NIAID Category A, B, and C agents of bioterrorism and emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases. This FOA is a renewal with modifications of RFA AI-08-011 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-08-011.html). In order to review and confer awards to grant applications received in response to this FOA in a timely fashion, without delay of the parent clinical trial, applications submitted in response to the FOA will be subject to an accelerated review/award process. Highly meritorious applications selected for funding under this FOA may receive their awards as early as thirteen weeks after the application receipt date. Holidays and other circumstances may alter this schedule slightly. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project grant (R01) mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) intends to commit $2 million in Fiscal Year 2010 to fund five to six applications. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This FOA solicits Research Project Grant (R01) applications from institutions/organizations proposing exceptionally innovative research on novel hypotheses or difficult problems, solutions to which would have an extremely high impact on biomedical or biobehavioral research in the epilepsies. This FOA is for support of new projects, not continuation of projects that have already been initiated. It does not support pilot projects, i.e., projects of limited scope that are designed primarily to generate data that will enable the PI to seek other funding opportunities. Mechanism of Support. This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism. Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards. NINDS intends to commit up to $2 million total costs in fiscal year 2011 to support 4-6 new awards under this FOA. Awards issued under this FOA are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Purpose. This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), supported by funds provided to the NIH and HRSA under the Tom Lantos and Henry Hyde United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law 110-293 (more commonly known as the U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [PEPFAR]), invites proposals from foreign Institutions in Sub-Saharan African countries which receive PEPFAR support (http://www.pepfar.gov/countries/index.htm) and their partners to develop or expand and enhance models of medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa. These models are intended to support PEPFARs goal of increasing the number of new health care workers by 140,000, strengthen medical education systems in the countries in which they exist, and build clinical and research capacity in Africa as part of a retention strategy for faculty of medical schools and clinical professors. The strategy of this initiative is to build human capacity for health in Africa by strengthening the medical education system in an environment that values and nurtures research and which will contribute to the sustainability and quality of the overall effort. These models will also contribute to the sustainability of the PEPFAR investments through the provision of excellence in clinical training and the capacity of medical students and faculty to participate in and carry out multidisciplinary locally driven research (e.g. implementation science and/or clinical, health services, and operations research) that responds to the health needs of their communities and country and improves health outcomes for men, women, and children. In addition to PEPFAR support for strengthening medical education in African institutions, funds are also being provided from the Office of AIDS Research (OAR), located within the NIH Office of the Director, in support of the research capacity building component of this initiative and building on OARs long-term support for NIH efforts to build sustainable research and training partnerships between U.S. and African educational and research institutions. Linked awards that focus on diseases and priority health areas related to and/or beyond HIV/AIDS will also be available through the NIH Common Fund initiative (http://commonfund.nih.gov/), managed by the Office of Strategic Coordination (OSC), located within the NIH Office of the Director. These awards are part of the NIH Directors decision to make global health one of the NIHs highest priorities.