The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is replacing paper grant applications with electronic applications and has begun the transition to requiring electronic submission of grant applications via the online portal of Grants.gov. As of February 5, 2007, NIH requires electronic application submission for all R01 applications. The R01 is NIH’s most heavily used grant mechanism application. For more information see: http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/index.htm.