Inviting applications to promote research into the role of neuroinflammation in the initiation and expansion of cellular injury and death in the context of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence indicates that microglial and astrocytic activation results in the release of excitotoxins, arachidonic acid metabolites, reactive oxygen species, cytokines and chemokines that lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected individuals. The intent of this PAS is to intensify interest and investigator-initiated research, to attract new investigators to this field, and to mobilize interdisciplinary approaches.