This Agency-wide Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is a Program Announcement (PA) to encourage new research applications proposing research on hPSCs from non-embryonic sources. This FOA addresses Executive Order 13435 issued by President George W. Bush on June 20, 2007. The Executive Order requires that “The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall conduct and support research on the isolation, derivation, production, and testing of stem cells that are capable of producing all or almost all of the cell types of the developing body and may result in improved understanding of or treatments for diseases and other adverse health conditions, but are derived without creating a human embryo for research purposes or destroying, discarding, or subjecting to harm a human embryo.