Proteomics technologies and methods remain largely inadequate, particularly with respect to quantitative and real time measurements. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) that propose the development of broadly applicable research tools that address the core technical challenges in proteomics and glycomics. This includes but is not restricted to robotics, sample preparation and pre-fractionation, analytical separations, gel and array imaging, quantitation, mass spectrometry, intelligent automated data acquisition, and improved informatics technologies. Technologies that address the unique needs of glycomics and clinical proteomics, described in Section II.I.1 (Research Objectives) are of particular interest.