The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), in conjunction with the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (DMRF) and the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation, Inc., invite research grant applications aimed at understanding or treating generalized and focal dystonias. The aim of this FOA is to encourage basic, translational and clinical studies, to determine the patho-physiology of dystonia, to stimulate the development of basic and translational resources to further dystonia research, to accelerate research into promising therapeutic approaches for dystonia, and to stimulate progress in dystonia research through encouraging and facilitating interdisciplinary interactions.