The intent of this Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage research and career development for individuals with a strong commitment to a research career in the area of NeuroAIDS, either in one of the basic sciences relevant to NeuroAIDS or in clinically-oriented research. Research related to the neuropathogenesis, the role of viral or host genetic factors, inflammatory mechanisms, peripheral neuropathy, or neurological dysfunction in the setting of anti-retroviral therapy is of particular interest.