The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) intends to issue two Requests for Applications (RFA) in the fall/winter of 2007 for the purposes of advancing the development of medical countermeasures against chemical threats. The NIH has developed a comprehensive CounterACT Research Network that includes Research Centers of Excellence, individual U01 research projects, SBIRs, contracts and other programs (see http://www.ninds.nih.gov/research/counterterrorism/index.htm ).