The NINDS has a requirement for the continued research and development of functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) systems to restore coordinated, directed upper extremity function by synergistically controlling stimulated and voluntary movements in tetraplegic individuals with high, middle, and low cervical injuries. Evaluation of these FNS systems will be conducted in human subjects who have paralyzed upper extremities as a result of upper motor neuron lesions. A major emphasis of this work is to produce functionally relevant quantitative measures; any testing performed should primarily emphasize quantitative results rather than qualitative or descriptive research findings.